Consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by individuals on hemodialysis in southeastern Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: The individuals with chronic kidney disease show low adherence to a diet rich in vegetables. Objective: To evaluate the association of minimally processed and ultra-processed food consumption with socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits, and clinical characteristics of hemodialysis service users in southeastern Brazilian. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,024 individuals on hemodialysis from southeastern Brazil. The individuals answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data, lifestyle habits, and food consumption. After stipulating the frequency of consumption, we classified the foods as minimally processed and ultra-processed. We investigated the association between independent variables and the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods through the binary logistic regression model with Odds Ratio (OR) and their confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Users with less than eight years of education (OR=1.706; 95%CI1.125–2.589) and with income less than two minimum wages (OR=1.349; 95%CI1.007–1.806) had lower consumption of minimally processed foods. However, individuals aged 19 to 29 years (OR=2,857, 95%CI1.464–5.576), smokers (OR=2.349; 95%CI1.237–4.462), drinkers (OR=1.835; 95%CI1.122–3.001), and with more than 6 years on hemodialysis (OR=1.975; 95%CI1.227–3.180) were more likely to have higher consumption of ultra-processed foods. Individuals that did not practice physical activity were less likely to this consumption (OR=0.638; 95%CI0.459–0.888). Conclusion: Being younger, smoking, consuming alcohol, and having been on hemodialysis for more than 6 years increased the chances of greater consumption of ultra-processed foods. In addition, we associated less education and lower income with a lower consumption of minimally processed foods.  Introdução: Os indivíduos com doença renal crônica apresentam baixa adesão à dieta rica em vegetais. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do consumo de alimentos minimamente processados ​​e ultraprocessados ​​com fatores socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e características clínicas de usuários de serviços de hemodiálise no sudeste brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.024 indivíduos em hemodiálise da região sudeste do Brasil. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida e consumo alimentar. Após estipular a frequência de consumo, classificamos os alimentos em minimamente processados ​​e ultraprocessados. Investigamos a associação entre as variáveis ​​independentes e o consumo de alimentos minimamente processados ​​e ultraprocessados ​​por meio do modelo de regressão logística binária com Odds Ratio (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). Resultados: Usuários com escolaridade inferior a oito anos (OR=1,706; IC95%1,125–2,589) e com renda inferior a dois salários mínimos (OR=1,349; IC95%1,007–1,806) apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos minimamente processados. No entanto, indivíduos de 19 a 29 anos (OR=2.857, IC95%1,464–5,576), tabagistas (OR=2,349; IC95%1,237–4,462), etilistas (OR=1,835; IC95%1,122–3,001), e com mais de 6 anos em hemodiálise (OR=1,975; IC 95%1,227–3,180) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Indivíduos que não praticavam atividade física foram menos propensos a esse consumo (OR=0,638; IC95%0,459–0,888). Conclusão: Ser mais jovem, fumar, consumir álcool e estar em hemodiálise há mais de 6 anos aumentaram as chances de maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Além disso, associamos menor escolaridade e menor renda ao menor consumo de alimentos minimamente processados