ABE, Harue

HIROTA, K. Shun

MATSUO, Ayumi

MIURA, Hiroki

SHEN, Yunguang

SU, Monghuai

SUYAMA, Yoshihisa

UENO, Saneyoshi

WANG, Zhonglang

English

Tohoku University Repository (TOUR) / 東北大学機関リポジトリ

 13Evolution of the Genus CamelliaBased on the Biological Interaction and the Historical BackgroundHarue ABE1, Saneyoshi UENO2, Ayumi MATSUO3, Shun K. HIROTA4, Hiroki MIURA5, Monghuai SU6, Yunguang SHEN7, Yoshihisa SUYAMA8 and Zhonglang WANG71Niigata Univ.2Affrc3GENODAS4Osaka Metropolitan Univ.5 Aquarium Asamishi6Chinese Culture Univ.7Kunming Botanical Garde8Tohoku Univ.The genus Camellia (Theaceae) is particularly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia (82-280 species). According to the Flora of China, there are 13 species in the sect. Camellia, of which 12 are found in China (11 being endemic), and only two species, C. japonica and C. rusticana, are found in Japanese islands. Since these two species are distributed at the northern limit of the genusCamellia, it is thought to have come from the continent and have speciated in Japan. Comparing the morphology, most species of Camellia have separated flower filaments, but the sect. Camellia species except for C. rusticana and C. chekiangoleosa have connected fi laments, which indicates the bird-pollinated fl ower characteristics to keep a large amount of nectar. C. japonica blooms in the winter when insects are absent and must depend on bird pollination whereas other Camellias depend on both pollination, insects and birds. Therefore C. japonica might be the most adaptable species for bird pollination. On the other hand, C. rusticanahas ancestral traits with not-connected fi laments in the sect. Camellia. We hypothesized that the pollinator shift from insects to birds may have caused speciation from the ancestral genus Camellia to the sect. Camellia. Later, C. rusticana might get back to insect pollination to fi t the snowy environment in Japan. Hence, this study aims to examine the speciation of Japanese Camellias based on pollinator shift by comparing the fl oral morphologies and the genetic diff erentiation of the genus Camellia. Next, we examined the demographic history of C. japonica, which is widely distributed in the Japanese archipelago, the Korean peninsula, and the coastal areas of mainland China and Taiwan. Through the above examinations, we discuss the evolution of the genus Camellia in Japan based on biological interaction and the historical background.We compared their morphologies of leaf hypodermis, fl ower form, petal color, fi lament color, and fi lament color in the twenty populations and estimate quantitatively the diff erentiation. In the results, PCA analysis clearly distinguished between these species, and both petal and fi lament colors were also statistically diff erent between these species. The fl oral traits of C. japonica such as fi lament connection rates, nectar, and sugar contents are one of the most adapted characteristics for bird pollination. The eight cpSSR and the genome-wide SNPs by MIG-Seq revealed largely congruent results indicating that the genetic structures are divided into 3; southern and northern C. japonica, and C. rusticana. The relationship between the three species including the related species in China was further inferred from the phylogeny generated by RAxML using SNP data. It was found that C. chekiangoleosa is the ancestral species and that C. rusticana and C. japonica are more related. However, demographic analysis, discussed below, reveals that the divergence date between C. rusticana and C. japonica is also older. The intraspecifi c genetic structure of C. japonica was investigated using ADMIXTURE 1.3.0, and the populations were divided into (1) mainly northern and (2) mainly southern populations in the Japanese archipelago, (3) Chinese and Korean populations, and (4) Okinawa and Taiwanese populations. Demographic analysis using DIYABC was carried out on the four populations in which hybrid individuals were excluded by ADMIXTURE predicted that the northern Japanese populations fi rstly diff erentiated from the southern Japanese populations, and then the Okinawa and Taiwan populations diff erentiated. Later, the Chinese and Korean populations returned to the mainland (the continent) from the southern Japanese populations. This result is consistent with the results of ENM. The optimum distribution of C. rusticana during the last glacial period was almost the same as that of the present distribution on the Sea of Japan, suggesting that C. rusticana is a relict species in Japan since before the glacial period. The northern population is the ancestral group as a relict in Honshu Japan. The results of this study could provide not only the evolutionary history of the species but also the population priorities that should serve as the focus for future management and conservation of these species.Invited Talk 1Photo. White-eye feeding on camellia nectarInvited Talk

Evolution of the Genus Camellia Based on the Biological Interaction and the Historical Background

https://tohoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000008/files/JIFS Vol20 - P13 Invited talk 1.pdf

Evolution of the Genus Camellia Based on the Biological Interaction and the Historical Background

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