Background: Eyelash extensions have become the latest cosmetic trend worldwide. Women withlong eyelashes are considered a sign of beauty in various cultures, as a result many women try to improve their appearance by using eyelash extensions. The use of eyelash extensions can interfere with the normal growth and release of eyelashes. It can also cause infection or allergies to the chemicals contained in the glue. The use of eyelash extensions itself also causes many symptoms or complaints that appear in the wearer. Some of the diseases that can be caused are conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratitis. Objective: to identify and analyze the use of eyelash extensions and their effects on the anterior ocular segment. Methods: this study used observational analytic with cross sectional method. Sampling time lasted approximately 2 months and data analysis using the Spearman Test. Results: From the results of the study followed by 120 respondents (43 respondents using eyelash extensions and 77 respondents not using eyelash extensions) between the effect of using eyelash extensions and the symptoms of anterior ocular segment abnormalities that arise, it is obtained which means significant results (p<0.05) with the same symptoms. The most common is madarosis (lash loss). Conclusion: the use of eyelash extensions can have an effect on the anterior ocular segment.Keywords: eyelash extension, female student, anterior ocular segment

Anggowarsito, Jose L.

Ernawati, Titiek

Pangestu, Elvira

English

Journal Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya / Jurnal-Jurnal yang diterbitkan Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Use of Eyelash Extension……                                                                      Pangestu E, Ernawati T,Anggowarsito J       69   USE OF EYELASH EXTENSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ANTERIOR OCULAR SEGMENT Elvira Pangestu1, Titiek Ernawati2, Jose L. Anggowarsito3   DOI: https://doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v5i2.3680    ABSTRACT  Background: Eyelash extensions have become the latest cosmetic trend worldwide. Women with long eyelashes are considered a sign of beauty in various cultures, as a result many women try to improve their appearance by using eyelash extensions. The use of eyelash extensions can interfere with the normal growth and release of eyelashes. It can also cause infection or allergies to the chemicals contained in the glue. The use of eyelash extensions itself also causes many symptoms or complaints that appear in the wearer. Some of the diseases that can be caused are conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and keratitis. Objective: to identify and analyze the use of eyelash extensions and their effects on the anterior ocular segment. Methods: this study used observational analytic with cross sectional method. Sampling time lasted approximately 2 months and data analysis using the Spearman Test. Results: From the results of the study followed by 120 respondents (43 respondents using eyelash extensions and 77 respondents not using eyelash extensions) between the effect of using eyelash extensions and the symptoms of anterior ocular segment abnormalities that arise, it is obtained which means significant results (p<0.05) with the same symptoms. The most common is madarosis (lash loss). Conclusion: the use of eyelash extensions can have an effect on the anterior ocular segment.   Keywords: eyelash extension, female student, anterior ocular segment.                      1.    Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Jl. South Kalisari No. 1 Surabaya, e-mail: med.elvira.p.18@ukwms.ac.id 2.    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Jl. South Kalisari No. 1 Surabaya, e-mail: titiek@ukwms.ac.id 3.    Department  of    Dermatology  and  Venereology,  Faculty  of  Medicine,  Widya  Mandala  Catholic University Surabaya, Jl. South Kalisari No. 1 Surabaya Online-ISSN 2565-1409                                                   Journal of Widya Medika Junior Vol 5. No 2 April 2023 70  INTRODUCTION  Eyelash extensions have become the latest cosmetic trend in today's era. Women with long eyelashes are considered a sign of beauty in various cultures, as a result many women try to improve their appearance by using eyelash extensions. In the past, before there was an eyelash extension method, women usually wore false eyelashes that had been arranged to resemble eyelashes and could only be used once and the installation was quite complicated. Therefore, many women turn to the eyelash extension method because it is considered more practical.1 Eyelash extension is a treatment  that can change the eyelashes to become thicker, longer, and thicker using the eyelash extension method. The individual lashes will be glued to the natural lashes with a special eyelash glue. This action can pose a risk that is not profitable for the wearer.2 The use of eyelash extensions can  affect the normal periodic release and growth of new eyelashes. Basically, the use of eyelash extensions can affect the normal function of the anatomy and physiology of the eyelids and eyelashes. This eyelash extension procedure allows frequent washing of the eyelids which can lead to bacterial and/or fungal infections seen as conjunctivitis. Eyelashes can also slide when  wet  with  water  or  sweat  and  are considered foreign bodies in the eye. The glue used to attach artificial eyelashes to natural eyelashes can cause conjunctivitis. 1,2 The results of research conducted by Abah et al in 2017 showed that most eyelash extension users experienced symptoms or complaints after using them. Some serious eye disorders such as conjunctivitis, allergic blepharitis, and bacterial keratitis can arise due to failure in the treatment process.2  Eyelash extension users often complain of discomfort in their eyes such as itchy eyelids, burning sensation, dry eyes, pain in the eyelids, watery eyes, eyelash loss, feeling of lump in the eye. The use of eyelash extensions causes a lot of complaints that can cause abnormalities in the eye. The majority of the group of women who use eyelash extensions are women in the age group of 20-29 years (68.4%) and most of them are college students. This study aims to determine the effect of using eyelash extensions on the anterior ocular segment.   METHODS  This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The data will be taken using a questionnaire containing some initial questions and 14 questions regarding the symptoms that arise. The questionnaire that has been made has been tested for validity and reliability.The sampling of non-probability sampling is quota sampling. In this study, researchers needed 84 respondents. The sample in this study  were  Widya  Catholic  University Surabaya  students  with  the  criteria  of having used eyelash extensions for more than 1 week and also those who had never used eyelash extensions. Data collection took place from August 2021 to October 2021.The total sample that met the inclusion criteria was 120 subjects. The data were analyzed using the Spearman test on SPSS.3                 Use of Eyelash Extension……                                                                      Pangestu E, Ernawati T,Anggowarsito J       71  RESULT  Table 1. Distribution of Research Sample Demographic Area                               Table  2.  Sample  Distribution  Based on Eyelash Extension Usage  Table 3. Comparison of the use of eyelash extensions with symptoms of eye complaint experienced.     Online-ISSN 2565-1409                                                   Journal of Widya Medika Junior Vol 5. No 2 April 2023  72  DISCUSSION  In this study, from 120 respondents who used eyelash extensions, 43 (36%) respondents who used eyelash extensions were aged 20-22 years. The reason for the most use of eyelash extensions is because of beauty as many as 28 respondents (65%). The longest duration of using eyelash extensions is 1-3 months with a total of 18 respondents (42%). From 43 respondents who used eyelash extensions, 24 respondents (56%) used eyelash extensions for the first time and 21 respondents (44%) had repeatedly used eyelash extensions. The respondents know that most of the information  about  eyelash  extensions comes from social media as many as 22 respondents (51%). A total of 18 respondents (42%) prefer to install eyelash extensions  at  beauty  clinics.  Of  the  43 respondents who have used eyelash extensions, only 16 respondents (37%) know the diseases that can be caused by using eyelash extensions and as many as 27 respondents (63%) do not know the diseases that can be caused by using eyelash extensions. Of the 43 respondents who have used eyelash extensions, most of them experience symptoms or complaints after > 1 week of use. The results of this study are in line with research conducted by Amano Y conducted in Japan in 2012 regarding eye diseases that occur due to the use of eyelash extensions where respondents who took part in the study were aged 20-29 years, the majority of the respondents were 126 respondents (40.7%). first time using eyelash extensions and the most reason for using eyelash extensions is beauty reasons.4 This study was also followed by 77 respondents who did not use eyelash extensions. From the results of data analysis, it was also found that the respondents experienced the same symptoms or complained about the same thing. So it can be concluded that the occurrence of symptoms or complaints in the anterior segment of the eye is not entirely due to the use of eyelash extensions alone, there are still many other factors that can cause these complaints. Such as lack of hygiene, exposure to external objects such as dust, smoke, chemicals, use of lenses, irritation due to cosmetic ingredients, and others.  Anterior ocular segment abnormalities are the most common. This eye   disorder   affects   the   conjunctiva, cornea, aqueous humor, iris, pupil, and lens.5,6 Several diseases included in the anterior ocular segment disorder are conjunctivitis, allergic blepharitis, and bacterial keratitis.7 In everyday life, the use of eyelash extensions can cause problems with eye discomfort and inflammation of the eyes. This disease can be caused by improper use of eyelash extensions and can occur in women who wear eyelash extensions and are allergic to the content of the eyelash extension glue itself. Some of the symptoms and complaints that can occur in anterior ocular segment disorders are red eyes, itchy eyes, watery eyes, swollen eyelids, pain in the eyelids, tired eyes, photophobia, madarosis, and there is discharge in the eyes. 8 In this study, out of 43 respondents who used eyelash extensions, almost all respondents experienced complaints after using eyelash extensions. The most complaints experienced by the respondents were madarosis (lash loss) as many as 40 respondents (87%), complaints of red eyes and the presence of dirt on the eyelids as many as 37 respondents (87%), dry eyes as many as 36 respondents (84%), complaints palpebra sticking due to the presence of dirt and complaints of sensations such as foreign bodies as many as 35 respondents (81%). The results of this study are  in  line  with  previous  research conducted  by  Koffour  GA  as  many  as 97.5% of women who wear eyelash extensions experience symptoms or complaints in the eyes. The results of this study are also in line with research conducted by Abah et al in Nigeria at least one or several symptoms have been experienced  as  a  side  effect  of  using eyelash extensions.1,2 Use of Eyelash Extension……                                                                      Pangestu E, Ernawati T,Anggowarsito J       73  In this study, after analyzing the data using the Spearman test on the SPSS program,  the  correlation  coefficient  was 0.196. This means that the level of strength of the relationship (correlation) between the symptoms experienced and the use of eyelash extensions is very weak with a p value of 0.032 (p <0.05) which indicates a significant (mean) relationship between the symptoms of eye abnormalities and the use of eyelash extensions. The results of this study are also in line with previous research conducted by Rosalina A. Fatem in 2019, a student at Trisakti University Jakarta regarding the relationship between the use of eyelash extensions and the incidence of skin irritation in women in salon X. The results of the Chi-Square test showed that there were 46 (63.8 %) respondents who used eyelash extensions and experienced skin irritation with p value = 0.026. The P value states that there is a significant relationship between the use of eyelash extensions and the incidence of skin irritation in women at salon X. The results of this study are in line with previous studies, only the difference between the research of Rosalina A. Fatem examined the incidence of skin irritation that occurred in salon X and the respondent. Those  who  experienced  more  irritation were 46 respondents (63.8%).9 The     incidence     of     various complaints of anterior segment abnormalities felt by eyelash extension wearers can vary. In patients with keratoconjunctivitis and keratitis, the symptoms that occur can be caused by the invasion  of  the  glue  during the  removal process, the glue is not completely dry and then enters the eye during rinsing. Patients with blepharitis due to the use of eyelash extensions will appear a few hours to five days after the eyelash extension installation procedure.4 The eyelid margins are  very sensitive to various external factors, various types of  systemic  and  topical  drugs and cosmetic ingredients such as glue so that they  can  pose  a  threat  and  irritation.10 Overall, the eyelids are responsible for tear production and protection of the eye from external trauma. Almost all users of eyelash extensions have various problems such as dryness of the eyes, itching of the eyelids, redness, burning sensation and sensation of a foreign body that is blocked are symptoms that arise and can cause anterior segment abnormalities in the eye. The case reports showed that there were 42 cases of blepharitis, four cases of keratoconjunctivitis, three cases of conjunctival erosion, one case of bacterial keratitis, and one case of subconjunctival erosion that occurred with the use of eyelash extensions.11  The use of eyelash extensions has an effect on the incidence of anterior ocular segment abnormalities and many respondents who have used have experienced symptoms and complaints. These complaints and symptoms usually occur due to infection and allergies to the ingredients used. Knowledge and understanding of eyelash extension wearers' hygiene care is very important to reduce the number of complaints that occur. In addition, understanding of the correct procedure when installing eyelash extensions, which are mostly done by salons or beauty clinics, must also be improved so that women who want to use eyelash extensions do not experience unwanted complaints. This increase in understanding can be done by participating in training with experts and also conducting training to employees who will carry out procedures for patients. Handling  that  can  be  done  after  using eyelash extensions and experiencing complaints is to improve hygiene, conduct consultations regarding the symptoms you are experiencing, and immediately remove the eyelash extensions you are using.  CONCLUSION Based on the results of research that has been carried out using eyelash extensions  Online-ISSN 2565-1409                                                   Journal of Widya Medika Junior Vol 5. No 2 April 2023  74 can cause various symptoms or complaints in the anterior segment of the eye with the most  complaints  being  madarosis  (lash loss) (87%), red eyes (86%), dry eyes (84%). The results of data analysis using the Spearman test stated that there was a significant (mean) relationship between symptoms of eye abnormalities and the use of eyelash extensions (p <0.05).  ACKNOWLEDGENT  Researchers would like to thank:  1. Thesis supervisor 2. Research Respondents 3. Friend who have helped and provided support  REFERENCES 1. Koffour GA, Anto BP, Afau C, Kyei S GL. Ocular disconforts following eyelash extension. 2012;55‑61. 2. Abah ER, Oladigbolu KK, Rafindadi AL, Audu O. Eyelash extension use among female students in a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: A study of kaduna polytechnic, Kaduna. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017;20(12):1639–43. 3. Notoatmodjo.       S.       Metodologi penelitian  kesehatan.  Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2012. 111,116. 4. Amano Y, Sugimoto Y, Sugita M. Ocular disorders due to eyelash extensions Cornea. 2012;31(2):121–5. 5. Ilyas,Sidarta.   Yulianti   SR.   Ilmu Penyakit Mata. 5th ed. Jakarta: Badan   Penerbit   FKUI;   2017.   1-12,25-26,91-94,97-100 p. 6. Vaughan   A.   Oftalmologi   umum. anatomi & embriologi mata. 17th ed. ECG, editor. Jakarta; 2015. 7. Lemp    MA    dan    Nichols    KK. Blepharitis in the united states 2009 : a surveybased perspective on prevalence and treatment. 2009. 8. Tasman       W       JE.       Duane’s Ophtalmology. Lippincott Williams Wilkins Publ. 2007; 9. Fatem     RA.     Hubungan     antara penggunaan eyelash  extension  dan kejadian iritasi kulit pada wanita di salon X [Internet]. 2019. Available from:http://repository.trisakti.ac.id/usaktiana/index.php/home/detail/da il_koleksi/0/SKR/judul/00000000000000101034/0 10. Aumond S,  Bitton E. The eyelash follicle features and anomalies: A review.     J     Optom     [Internet]. 2018;11(4):211–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2018.05.003 11. Masud M, Moshirfar M, Shah TJ, Gomez  AT,  Avila  MR,  Ronquillo YC. Eyelid Cosmetic Enhancements and     Their     Associated     Ocular Adverse  Effects.  Med  hypothesis, Discov     Innov     Ophthalmol     J [Internet].            2019;8(2):96–103. Available from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31263720%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.f cgi?artid=PMC6592309          

USE OF EYELASH EXTENSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ANTERIOR OCULAR SEGMENT

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USE OF EYELASH EXTENSION AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ANTERIOR OCULAR SEGMENT

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Journal Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya / Jurnal-Jurnal yang diterbitkan Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya