Effect of Soil tooling, Tractive wheeling, and Mechanical pulverization of Arable Soils in Tillage - A Systematic Review and Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Seasonal soil-tool interactions, tractive wheeling and trailed tandem traverse of agricultural fields present ambiguities in defining and qualifying soil processing in tillage where the physio mechanical state of soil health is repeatedly perturbed. Precise and distinctive knowledge on quality characterization and mechanistic response behavior of soil-tool and soil-wheel interactions under tillage is sparse. We reviewed 116 state of art tillage studies in the US, Europe, UK, Australia, Africa, and Asia among others, concerning localized and integrated effects of soil-tool and soil-wheel interactions and associated dynamic response trends of mechanically distressed soils; to untangle and overcome persistent ambiguities in qualifying tilled soil state, expressed by physio-mechanical, biomechanical and hydromechanical soil heterogeneity. Studies revealed that soil-tool and soil-wheel interaction phenomena, and constitutive tractive tribologies portend sophisticated interrelations with dynamic, multivariate, and heterogeneous soil properties. Hitherto to such variabilities, soil-tool-wheel interactions and their perturbation descriptors have not consensually achieved any distinctive characterization under tillage. Nonetheless, tillage depth, tine widths, rake angles of attack, draft forces and traction performance had gained some generalized description of characterizing soil working. However, researchers still found it difficult to qualify the precise mechanistic relations of dynamic physio-mechanical soil states, unanimously and accurately with engaged tools in situ. This is by dint of, and amid multifaceted soil-tool-wheel-stress-strain interrelations that we consider dynamic and apart from soil type, are soil- tool and soil- wheel methodical. Attempts to fill this knowledge gap through soil tooling and soil wheeling models provided conditional results, defined and only due under the specified simulated model assumptions. We recommend further studies to elucidate and furnish with in-depth knowledge on dynamic soil response variabilities under complex tool-wheel stress loads, that are dynamically transmitted due to encounter with point specific and instantaneously varying properties of soil matrix in situ. This will optimize and accurately characterize soil-tooling, tractive wheeling, and trailed traverse in tillage. Key words. Tractor wheeling, Physio-Mechanical state, Penetration resistance, Soil tooling, draft force, Tractor-implement optimization