Abstrak
Agama-Agama, karena dimensi transendentalnya yang kuat, sering dianggap kurang mendukung aktivitas duniawi, termasuk bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi teologi ekonomi dan agilitas pengusaha yang justru bersumber dari ajaran-ajaran keagamaan. Studi dilakukan terhadap umat Muslim di Kotagede Yogyakarta, Hindu di Denpasar, dan dan Konghucu di Lasem. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa para pelaku ekonomi dan pengusaha dari ketiga agama yaitu Islam, Hindu dan Konghucu, menggunakan keyakinan teologis sebagai pembentuk dan penggerak motif berekonomi termasuk dalam mempengaruhi semangat dalam berusaha. Agilitas bisnis pengusaha Muslim ditandai dengan karakteristik modal sosial berpola bounding yaitu ikatan-ikatan yang dibentuk dari tradisi sosial keagamaan muslim seperti kumpulan, menjenguk orang sakit, ta’ziyah, dan pergaulan di tempat usaha (pasar). Sedangkan agilitas bisnis Hindu dibangun dari ajaran Dharma, Catur Purusa Artha, dan Panca Sradha. Adapun agilitas bisnis pengusaha Konghucu ditopang oleh karakter worldview ajaran Konfusius yang sangat menekankan pentingnya menjaga hubungan horizontal antara sesama manusia. Agilitas bisnis para pengusaha Muslim, Hindu dan Konghucu didorong oleh teologi ekonomi yang mereka hayati.
Kata kunci: teologi ekonomi, agilitas bisnis, Muslim, Hindu, Konghucu
Abstract
Religions are frequently viewed as being opposed to worldly pursuits, such as business, because of their essential transcendental character. This study aims to explore economic theology and business agility, which are actually manifestations of religious doctrine. Muslims in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Hindus in Denpasar, and Confucians in Lasem were the subjects of the study. Data were gathered through observations and interviews; then qualitative analysis was performed. According to this study, economic actors and entrepreneurs from the three major religions use their theological convictions to influence their economic motivations, especially their level of entrepreneurship. The features of social capital with a bounding pattern, namely bonds invented from Muslim socio-religious traditions such as meetings, visiting sick people, ta'ziyah, and association at the site of business (market), characterize the business agility of Muslim entrepreneurs. As compared to this, Hindu business agility is based on the Dharma, Catur Purusa Artha, and Panca Sradha teachings. The worldview of Confucius' teachings, which place significant emphasis on the value of sustaining relationships between human beings, supports the entrepreneurial agility of Confucian entrepreneurs. The economic theology of Muslim, Hindu, and Confucian entrepreneurs drives their economic agility.
Keyword: economic theology, business agility, Muslim, Hindu, Confucianis
