Scientific Unit for Clinical and Medical Research, Osijek University Hospital
Abstract
A woman is especially sensitive to negative environmental factors during pregnancy, partially because her body needs to perform metabolic functions of two organisms, and partially because most chemically and physically harmful substances have stronger effects on a woman during the perinatal period, and on the fetus because of organ development and growth. Many factors are responsible for the outcome of pregnancy: genetic factors, dietary habits of the mother, uteroplacental bloodstream and placental function. Negative environmental factors can damage the fetus by affecting everything aforementioned. Consequences can be acute and fatal; after a few years they can lead to greater frequency of malignant diseases, and cause chronic changes: permanent tendency to hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Negative environmental factors certainly influence the fetal programming and lead to greater expression of the disease to which the child is genetically predisposed. Reproduction and fertility can be permanently damaged.Žena je naročito osjetljiva na nepovoljne čimbenike okoliša tijekom trudnoće, dijelom zbog toga što njezino tijelo mora obavljati metaboličke funkcije za dva organizma, a dijelom jer većina kemijskih i fizikalnih štetnih tvari ima jači učinak na ženu tijekom trudnoće te na fetus jer je to organizam u razvoju. Na ishod trudnoće djeluju genetski čimbenici, prehrambene navike majke, uteroplacentarni krvotok te funkcija posteljice. Nepovoljni čimbenici okoline mogu oštetiti dijete intrauterino djelujući na sve prethodno navedeno. Posljedice mogu biti akutne i fatalne; nakon nekoliko godina mogu dovesti do veće učestalosti malignih bolesti, a mogu izazvati i kronične promjene: trajnu sklonost djeteta hipertenziji, gojaznosti, dijabetesu, koronarnoj bolesti srca. Štetni čimbenici okoliša sigurno utječu na fetalno programiranje i dovode do veće ekspresije bolesti kojoj je dijete genetski sklono. Mogu trajno utjecati na reprodukciju i plodnost
