Deen, Niels G.

Finotello, Giulia

Majid, Akmal Irfan

Tang, Yali

van der Schaaf, John

English

Low-temperature electrochemical reduction (electroreduction) is considered to be a suitable method for iron oxide reduction due to its attractive aspects, such as its CO2-free operation and low electric energy consumption and temperature requirements. Aiming at metallic iron of powder form as product, our research promotes dendritic electrodeposition rather than to grow compact deposition layers as in conventional electrowinning methods. Proof-of-concept experiments are performed using a single parallel plate electrode, immersed in a mixture of micro-sized hematite (Fe2O3) powder and strong aqueous alkaline (NaOH, 50%wt, 18 M) electrolyte. The effects of current density, hematite mass fraction, temperature, and particle size on deposit morphology and Faradaic efficiency are also investigated. It is found out that the dendritic structures are more likely to grow in a non-homogeneous environment, e.g. when experiments carried out without stirring or with local heating. Furthermore, the dendrites are located primarily on the side and edge of the cathode, indicating a diffusion-controlled mechanism. A cathodic deposition of metallic iron with a high Faradaic efficiency (&gt; 90%) is successfully accomplished. The present findings provide new insight into the production of electrolytic iron powder (e.g. in the metal fuel application) and the acceleration of sustainable ironmaking technologies

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 Dendritic Iron Formation in Low-Temperature Iron OxideElectroreduction Process using Alkaline SolutionCitation for published version (APA):Majid, A. I., Tang, Y., Finotello, G., van der Schaaf, J., & Deen, N. G. (2023). Dendritic Iron Formation in Low-Temperature Iron Oxide Electroreduction Process using Alkaline Solution. Abstract from Netherlands ProcessTechnology Symposium 2023, Enschede, Netherlands.Document status and date:Published: 06/07/2023Document Version:Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can beimportant differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. Peopleinterested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit theDOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and pagenumbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:www.tue.nl/taverneTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:openaccess@tue.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Download date: 04. Oct. 2023Dendritic Iron Formation in Low-Temperature Iron Oxide Electroreduction Process using Alkaline Solution   Akmal Irfan Majid1,4, Yali Tang1,3, Giulia Finotello1,3, John van der Schaaf2,3, Niels G. Deen1,3   1Power and Flow Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 2Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 3Eindhoven Institute of Renewable Energy System (EIRES), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands 4Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia  ABSTRACT Low-temperature electrochemical reduction (electroreduction) is considered to be a suitable method for iron oxide reduction due to its attractive aspects, such as its CO2-free operation and low electric energy consumption and temperature requirements. Aiming at metallic iron of powder form as product, our research promotes dendritic electrodeposition rather than to grow compact deposition layers as in conventional electrowinning methods. Proof-of-concept experiments are performed using a single parallel plate electrode, immersed in a mixture of micro-sized hematite (Fe2O3) powder and strong aqueous alkaline (NaOH, 50%wt, 18 M) electrolyte. The effects of current density, hematite mass fraction, temperature, and particle size on deposit morphology and Faradaic efficiency are also investigated. It is found out that the dendritic structures are more likely to grow in a non-homogeneous environment, e.g. when experiments carried out without stirring or with local heating. Furthermore, the dendrites are located primarily on the side and edge of the cathode, indicating a diffusion-controlled mechanism. A cathodic deposition of metallic iron with a high Faradaic efficiency (> 90%) is successfully accomplished. The present findings provide new insight into the production of electrolytic iron powder (e.g. in the metal fuel application) and the acceleration of sustainable ironmaking technologies. Keywords: Iron electrodeposition, dendritic iron, cathodic reduction, current efficiency, iron oxide reduction.  Graphical abstract  

Dendritic Iron Formation in Low-Temperature Iron Oxide Electroreduction Process using Alkaline Solution

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Dendritic Iron Formation in Low-Temperature Iron Oxide Electroreduction Process using Alkaline Solution

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