Ham, J.R.C.

Midden, C.J.H.

Vossen, S.H.

English

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 Persuasive agents : the role of agent embodiment andevaluative feedbackCitation for published version (APA):Vossen, S. H., Ham, J. R. C., & Midden, C. J. H. (2009). Persuasive agents : the role of agent embodiment andevaluative feedback. In H. Gutscher, H-J. Mosler, B. Meyer, S. Mischke, & M. Soland (Eds.), Abstract presentedat the 8th Biennial Conference on Environmental Psychology, September 6-9, 2009, Zürich (pp. 123-). PabstScience Publishers.Document status and date:Published: 01/01/2009Document Version:Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers)Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can beimportant differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. Peopleinterested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit theDOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and pagenumbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:www.tue.nl/taverneTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:openaccess@tue.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Download date: 04. Oct. 2023Using Negative and Positive Social Feedback From a Robotic Agent to Save EnergyMidden, Cees J; Ham, JaapEindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands, TheIn this paper we explore the persuasive effects of social feedback, as provided by a roboticagent, on behavioral change. In a lab setting, two experiments were conducted in which partic-ipants had the opportunity to conserve energy while carrying out washing tasks with a simulat-ed washing machine. The experiments tested the effect of positive and negative social feedbackand compared these effects to more widely used factual feedback as provided through the sim-ulated user-interface of a washing machine. Results of both studies indicate that social feedbackhas stronger persuasive effects than factual feedback (Experiment 1). Also in in comparison toa factual feedback that also included an evaluative, although non-social, component, social feed-back had the strongest persuasive effects (Experiment 2). In addition, an effect of feedback va-lence was found, demonstrating more conservation actions following negative feedback (socialor factual) as compared to positive feedback. Interestingly, negative feedback had especiallystrong persuasive effects when coming from a social source. These findings have several impli-cations for theory and design of persuasive robotic agents.c.j.h.midden@tue.nlPersuasive Agents: the Role of Agent Embodiment and Evaluative FeedbackVossen, Suzanna; Ham, Jaap; Midden, CeesEindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands, TheSocial agents can serve as persuasive technology when they give feedback (FB) aimed at reduc-ing household energy consumption. Earlier research indicated that a robotic agent is more effec-tive in stimulating energy conservation behavior than other technical devices (Midden & Ham,2008). However, it was not clear why this social agent was more effective: the use of speech,agent embodiment and the feedback type were not manipulated independently. In the presentstudy they were. We focused on the role of FB from three different sources: a computer display-ing text, a talking computer and a talking social agent. Further, factual FB (FFB, the amount ofenergy consumed) was compared to evaluative FB (EFB, good or bad performance). Also pos-itive FB was compared to negative FB. An experiment was conducted in which 113 participantsused a virtual washing machine. They received interactive FB (either factual or evaluative)about their energy consumption from one of three sources. This FB could be positive or nega-tive, depending on the energy consumption. We measured the change in energy consumption af-ter FB. No main effect of feedback source was found, but the interaction with feedback valencewas significant: negative FB from the social agent resulted in a larger decrease in energy con-sumption than negative FB from the other sources. Further, EFB was more effective than FFB,especially in case of negative feedback. Overall, negative FB resulted in a larger decrease thanpositive FB.s.h.vossen@tue.nl123Abstracts

Persuasive agents : the role of agent embodiment and evaluative feedback

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Persuasive agents : the role of agent embodiment and evaluative feedback

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