Deen, Niels G.

Finotello, Giulia

Majid, Akmal Irfan

Tang, Yali

van der Schaaf, John

English

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 Electrochemical Reduction of Iron Oxide for the Valorization ofthe Iron Fuel CycleCitation for published version (APA):Majid, A. I., Tang, Y., Finotello, G., van der Schaaf, J., & Deen, N. G. (2022). Electrochemical Reduction of IronOxide for the Valorization of the Iron Fuel Cycle. Poster session presented at 1st Workshop on Metal-enabledCycle of Renewable Energy (MECRE), Eindhoven, Netherlands.Document status and date:Published: 01/11/2022Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can beimportant differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. Peopleinterested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit theDOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and pagenumbers.Link to publicationGeneral rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, pleasefollow below link for the End User Agreement:www.tue.nl/taverneTake down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at:openaccess@tue.nlproviding details and we will investigate your claim.Download date: 17. Nov. 2023ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF IRON OXIDE FOR THE VALORIZATION OF THE IRON FUEL CYCLEAkmal Irfan Majid1, Yali Tang1,3, Giulia Finotello1,3, John van der Schaaf2,3, Niels G. Deen1,31Power & Flow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology-The Netherlands2Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology-The Netherlands3Eindhoven Institute for Renewable Energy Systems (EIRES), Eindhoven University of Technology-The NetherlandsINTRODUCTION• IRON FUEL CYCLE: energy is generated by iron powder combustion and the ironoxide can be collected and reduced to complete the fuel cycle.• ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION of iron oxide can be a feasible reduction methodas it directly converts electrical energy to metallic iron with a low contribution ofthermal energy.• OUR PROPOSALS:• Production of iron deposits that consist of dendritic structures.• Study and tailor the contributing factors to allow the optimum iron deposition.• Design a continuous electrolytic iron powder production system.ACIDIC versus ALKALINE ELECTROLYTES[1]EXPERIMENTSAcknowledgement:Akmal Irfan Majid is a grantee of scholarship and research funding from the Ministryof Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic ofIndonesiaContract Number: B/823/D3.2/KD.02.01/2019. He also receives a researchgrant from the Universiteits Fonds Eindhoven (UFE) through a “Heroes for Heroes”funding scheme in 2022.a.i.majid@tue.nlOUTLOOK• Understanding the reduction mechanism, mass transfer, and reaction kinetics.• Further development of reactor design.• Combustion performance using the reduced/electrolytic iron powderPowder : Fe2O3 powder (size ≤ 5 µm, ≥ 96%)Combusted iron (size ≤ 32-75 µm)Electrolyte : NaOH (50 wt%; 18 M), HCl (0.05 M)Fe2O3 content () :  5 – 20 wt.% Current density () :  1000 – 4000 A/m2 (0.6 – 2.4 A)Temperature : 110 ± 5°C (alkaline), 20°C (acidic)Duration : 1 hour (3600 seconds)Visual Comparison (Deposit Quality, SEM, Iron Purity)Current efficiencyn  : number of electrons [3: Fe3+→Fe0]F  : Faraday constant [96485 sA/mol]M : Iron molar mass [55.85 gr/mol]I   : Current supply [A]t   : Duration [s]Performance ComparisonEXPERIMENTS WITH COMBUSTED IRONEXPERIMENTS IN ALKALINE SYSTEM[2]Proposed reactor for continuous powder production [3]CONCLUSIONS• Electrochemical method was capable to reduce iron oxide to metallic iron with highcurrent efficiency (>90%), high iron purity (>95%), and low energy (<6 kWh/kg).• It can be an alternative method to regenerate combusted iron powders.• Potential method to reach a continuous and direct electrolytic iron powder productionPUBLICATIONS:[1] Majid et al., “Electroreduction of Iron Oxide in Different Aqueous Electrolytes”, in preparation (2022)[2] Majid, et al., “On the formation of dendritic iron from alkaline electrochemical reduction of iron oxidefor metal fuels application”, in preparation (2022)[3] Majid et al. (2022), “System and method for continuous electrolytic production of metallic iron”, USProvisional Patent number 63/363,637

Electrochemical Reduction of Iron Oxide for the Valorization of the Iron Fuel Cycle

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Electrochemical Reduction of Iron Oxide for the Valorization of the Iron Fuel Cycle

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