Non-biological barriers to referral and the pre-kidney transplant evaluation among African Americans in the United States : A systematic review

Abstract

African Americans face a disproportionate burden related to the incidence of end stage renal disease. A literature search was conducted for research articles published between 2006–2015 to synthesize current literature related to non-biological barriers to early stages of the pre-kidney transplant continuum for African Americans in the United States. Twenty-four articles were included in the final sample. Eleven barriers were identified. Barriers were categorized as socioeconomic-based barriers, culture-based barriers, and knowledge-based barriers. Resources to develop educational interventions for both patients and providers may help reduce existing barriers