The objective of this study was to determine whether Neospora caninum is prevalent in beef cattle in Tamaulipas (Mexico), using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 182 serum samples from six municipalities with different climates. The overall seroprevalence was 11.9% in animals and 78.6% in herds

Domínguez-Muñoz, Miguel Ángel

Jasso-Obregón, José Osiel

Loredo-Osti, Jorge

Rábago-Castro, Jaime Luis

Sánchez-Martínez, Jesús Genaro

Zertuche-Rodríguez, Jorge Luis

English

Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences

205Austral J Vet Sci 49, 205-207 (2017)CASE REPORTAccepted: 27.03.2017.Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, México.*Corresponding author: M Domínguez-Muñoz; Km 5, Carr. Victoria-Mante, 87000 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México; mdguez@uat.edu.mxDetection of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Case reportJaime Luis Rábago-Castro, José Osiel Jasso-Obregón, Jorge Luis Zertuche-Rodríguez,  Jesús Genaro Sánchez-Martínez, Jorge Loredo-Osti, Miguel Ángel Domínguez-Muñoz*ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine whether Neospora caninum is prevalent in beef cattle in Tamaulipas (Mexico), using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit in 182 serum samples from six municipalities with different climates. The overall seroprevalence was 11.9% in animals and 78.6% in herds. Key words: Neospora caninum, beef cattle, bovine abortion.RESUMEN. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si Neospora caninum está presente en bovinos de carne en Tamaulipas (México) usando una prueba comercial de análisis inmunoenzimático (ELISA) en 182 muestras de suero sanguíneo de seis municipios con climas diferentes. La seroprevalencia global fue de 11,9% en animales y 78,6% en hatos. Palabras clave: Neospora caninum, bovinos de carne, aborto bovino.Neosporosis is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle (Reichel et al 2013); it also affects calves (Dubey and Schares 2006). Infections by Neospora caninum in ruminants may be horizontally or vertically transmitted; the latter is apparently the most important in herds, al-though dogs, the definitive hosts, also play a role in its transmission (Regidor-Cerrillo et al 2010). This parasite is distributed around the world, affecting both dairy and beef cattle. Worldwide prevalence is high, especially in dairy cattle, with seroprevalence rates close to 100% (Dubey and Schares 2006). In Mexico, the parasite is present in both dairy (Sánchez-Castilleja et al 2012) and beef cattle (Morales 2011), in areas with high humidity (Morales 2011). The state of Tamaulipas is located in Northern Mexico where the beef cattle industry provides a significant source of foreign income. Mexico annually exports over a mil-lion head of cattle to the United States, and Tamaulipas is the second cattle-exporting state in the country (Peel et al 2010). To our knowledge there are no reports on the prevalence of this parasite in beef cattle in the state; only Salinas-Meléndez et al (2005) reported N. caninum in dairy cattle in municipalities bordering with Texas. The objective of this study was to determine whether N. caninum is present in beef cattle in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Blood serum samples were collected from beef cattle of different ages and breeds. Samples were not collected from the entire state, and a non-probabilistic sampling was used to perform the study. Fourteen herds were sampled, distributed in six municipalities in Tamaulipas belonging to regions with diverse climates: four in the central region of the state (Jiménez, Llera, Soto la Marina and Victoria), one in the highland region (Palmillas), and in the southern region (González). These differences are noteworthy: the towns of Palmillas and Soto la Marina are located at altitudes of 1,290 and 12 meters, respectively, and receive 500-700 and 700-1,000 mm/year of rainfall, respectively.Serum samples (n=184) were kept frozen (-20 °C) at the Veterinary College, University of Tamaulipas (FMVZ-UAT). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect antibodies against N.caninum1 following the corresponding instructions. The total number of animals seropositive to N. caninum was 22/184, with an overall seroprevalence of 11.9%. All the municipalities providing samples presented at least one seropositive animal (table 1), giving a seroprevalence to N. caninum by municipality of 100%, with values per municipality ranging from 7.1 to 21.4% (table 1). Eleven out of the fourteen herds had at least one seropositive case, which gives a prevalence of 78.6% by herd (table 2); the central region had a higher prevalence (77.8%) than the south and highlands (table 2). Seroprevalence by age exhib-ited different values; the group from 25 to 48 months was negative, whereas the other age groups showed between 11.2 and 50% positive cases (table 3).In our study, seroprevalence was lower than the 16% found in dairy cows in Northern Mexico (Salinas-Meléndez et al 2005) or in other areas (Quintanilla-Gozalo et al 1999). The higher seroprevalence reported in dairy cows may be due to higher population density that facilitates oocyst viability and transmission (Anderson et al 1994). The overall seroprevalence of 78.6% in herds and 11.9% in animals found in the present study is similar to other studies. In Uruguay, Bañales et al (2006) detected seroprevalences of 69.1% in herds and 13.9% in animals. 1 IDEXX® Laboratories; Westbrook, Maine, USA205206RÁBAGO-CASTRO ET ALTable 1. Seroprevalence (%) of Neospora caninum in beef cattle by municipality in Tamaulipas, Mexico.Region and MunicipalitiesSouthern Central HighlandTotalGonzález Victoria Jiménez Llera Soto la Marina PalmillasSamples analysed 53 14 18 14 72 13 184Positive cases (n) 6 3 2 1 8 2 22Negative cases (n) 46 11 16 14 64 11 162Prevalence (%) 11.3 21.4 11.1 7.1 11.1 15.3 11.9Table 2. Seroprevalence (%) of Neospora caninum in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico, by region and herd.Region and municipalitiesSouthern Central HighlandTotalGonzález Victoria Jiménez Llera Soto la Marina PalmillasHerds analised 3 2 1 1 5 2 14Positive herds (n) 3 1 1 1 4 1 11Negative herds (n) 0 1 0 0 1 1 3Herd Prevalence (%) 50 50 100 100 80 50 78.6Herd prevalence (%) by region 50 77.8 50Table 3. Seroprevalence (%) of Neospora caninum by age (months) in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico.Age (months)0-24 25-48 49-72 73-96 97-120Total samples (n) 142 14 18 4 6Positive samples (n) 16 0 3 2 1Prevalence (%) 11.2 0 16.6 50 16.6In Texas, USA, a state across the border with Tamaulipas, Barling et al (2000) reported 13% positive calves. In Southern Mexico, with remarkable climatic differences compared to this study, Garcia-Vazquez et al (2009) found 11.6% seropositive cattle.The seroprevalence in animals up to 24 months of age was similar to that in older animals, suggesting a low risk of horizontal transmission in animals over 2 years old. In this regard, Sanderson et al (2000) reported a decrease of antibody titres in cows initially infected vertically, due to absence of later horizontal reinfection. In our case, results suggest that the seroprevalence is mainly due to vertical transmission. The role that this parasite plays in cattle abortions in Northern Mexico remains unknown, as well as its economic impact in the beef cattle industry. In conclusion, this study establishes immunological evidence for the presence of N. caninum in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, suggesting that vertical transmission is the main route of infection. Although only six of 43 munic-ipalities were studied, all of them showed seropositive animals. Further epidemiological studies are required to expand the knowledge on this parasite and its impact in beef cattle production, and to examine other risk factors such as herd management and the presence of dogs.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to the technicians of the Immunology Laboratory, FMVZ-UAT. Funding for this study was provided by FMVZ-UAT.REFERENCES Anderson ML, Barr BC, Conrad PA. 1994. Protozooal causes of reproductive failure in domestic ruminants. Vet Clin N Am-Food A 10, 439-461.Bañales P, Fernández L, Repiso MV, Gil A, Dargatz DA, et al. 2006. A nationwide survey on seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in beef cattle in Uruguay. Vet Parasitol 139, 15-20.Barling KS, McNeill JW, Paschl JC, McCollum FT, Craig TM, et al. 2000. Ranch-management factors associated with seropositivity for antibody Neospora caninum in consignments of beef calves in Texas, USA. Prev Vet Med 52, 53-61.207Neospora caninum, BEEF CATTLE, BOVINE ABORTIONDubey JP, Schares G. 2006. Diagnosis of bovine neosoporosis. Vet Parasitol 140, 1-34.García-Vázquez Z, Rosario-Cruz R, Mejía-Estrada F, Rodríguez-Vivas I, Romero-Salas D, et al. 2009. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in three southern states of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 41, 749-753.Morales SE. 2011. Epidemiology and control of bovine neosporosis. In: Quiroz-Romero H, JA Figueroa-Castle, F Ibarra-Velarde, ME López-Arellano (eds). Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases in Domestic Animals. CD-ROM. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Pp 88-118.Peel DS, Johnson RJ, Mathews KH. 2010. Cow-calf beef production in Mexico. LDP-M-196-0. USDA, Economic Research Service.Quintanilla-Gozalo A, Pereira-Bueno J, Tabarés E, Innes EA, González-Paniello R, et al. 1999. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dairy and beef cattle in Spain. Int J Parasitol 29, 1201-1208.Regidor-Cerrillo J, Pedraza-Díaz S, Rojo-Montejo S, Vázquez-Moreno E, Arnaiz I, et al. 2010. Neospora caninum infection in stray and farm dogs: Seroepidemiological study and oocyst shedding. Vet Parasitol 174, 332-335.Reichel MP, Ayanegui-Alcérreca MA, Gondim LFP, Ellis JT. 2013. What is the global economic impact of Nesopora caninum in cattle - The billion dollar question. Int J Parasitol 43, 133-142. Salinas-Meléndez JA, Mora-García JJ, Zárate-Ramos JJ, Riojas-Valdés VM, Hernández-Vidal G, et al. 2005. Frequency of Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from Northeastern Mexico. Vet Mexico 36, 303-311.Sánchez-Castilleja YM, Rodríguez Diego JG, Pedroso M, Cuello S. 2012. Simultaneidad serológica de Neospora caninum con Brucella abortus y los virus de la rinotraqueítis infecciosa bovina y diarrea viral bovina en bovinos pertenecientes al Estado de Hidalgo, México. Rev Salud Anim 34, 95-100.Sanderson MW, Gay JM, Baszler TV. 2000. 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Detection of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Case report

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Detection of Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Case report

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