Crane, Todd A.

Getahun, Elizabeth

Gichuki, Leah

Goshme, Shenkute

Habermann, Birgit

Kiptoo, E.

Maiyo, N.

Mugumya, Roland

Tugume, G.

Worku, Tigist

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Positive deviance in adaptation to climate change: making work for development what works for peoplePresentation to: EADI CEsA General Conference 2023: Towards New Rhythms of Development, 10-13 July 2023, Centre for African and Development Studies (CEsA), ISEG-Lisbon School of Economics and Management/University of Lisbon (Portugal)Birgit Habermann, Todd A. Crane, Leah Gichuki, Tigist Worku, Roland Mugumya, Nathan Maiyo, Emmaculate Kiptoo, Shenkute Goshme, Tugume Geoffrey, Elizabeth Getahunwww.cgiar.orgOur story told by Birgit, Tigist, Leah1. Why do we need a new approach?2. Theoretical background3. Results in practice4. What do we conclude from this moving forward?www.cgiar.orgWhy do we need a new approach?• Many decades of AR4D: relation to progress?• Food insecurity is increasing, impact of CC worsening• Working in AR4D: • Diffusion of innovations’ theory• A broad interpretation of “participation”• And often a nostalgic view of “indigenous knowledge”Mr. Pius, Kenya, measuring livestock for weight estimationwww.cgiar.orgTheoretical Framework:What is positive deviance in our research?https://positivedeviance.org/https://youtu.be/0ULZWOm5ukg www.cgiar.orgwww.cgiar.orgCriteria for selectionPositive deviants:• Awareness of climate change• Adaptation practice• Pioneering character• Potential for scaling outRelevant Adaptation Practice:• Frequency• Priority• ImplementationMs Phoebe,  Uganda, demonstrating Forages to her farm laborerMr. Kidane, Ethiopia, demonstrating Desho Grasswww.cgiar.orgResults: Identification of PDswww.cgiar.orgResults: Adaptation PracticesMap prepared by Michael Graham/ ILRIAmhara Region, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia:Practices: Sheep fattening in response to CC Technologies: Use of home-made concentrate feedsUse of feed troughHay makingNandi and Bomet counties, Kenya:Practices: Feed conservation in Dairy FarmingTechnologies: Silage makingHay makingHome-made concentrate feedswww.cgiar.orgResults: EthiopiaSheep fattening in response to CCHighlands: hail and morning frosts damages important cash crops • Affordable practice• Sheep can be sold for mobilising assets• Alternative to dairy (cost, infrastructure)• Market access• High demand for sheep during holidayswww.cgiar.orgFeed concentrate preparation by Ms TenagneMs Tenagne, Ethiopia, demonstrating feed preparationwww.cgiar.orgResults: Nandi and Bomet (Kenya)Feed conservation in Dairy FarmingProlonged dry season leads to lack of feed:  need to start feed conservation• Shortage of grazing land due to subdivision• Maize necrosis (Bomet): farmers shifted more to dairy for income generation, fodder cultivation to substitute maize• Change of breeds• Improved dairy breeds need more and different feed• Exotic breeds are more affected by heat stress(indoor feeding)• Ensuring constant milk production throughoutwww.cgiar.orgMr. Edwin, Kenya, showing hay storageMr. Felix, Kenya, demonstrating silage (above) and feed preparation (left)What do we conclude from this moving forward?• Working with positive deviance helps to better understand what works in response to the impact of climate change• Positive deviance helps to identify local capacities and knowledge needs• Feedback and initial findings encouraged us to further develop our methods to reach more farmerswww.cgiar.orgScaling up climate resilience and transformational change?• Positive deviance questions traditional, linear framings of adoption • More flexible response to uncertainty and unpredictability• Resilience as built up by farmers themselves as an ideal learning ground, mobilising social capital• Engages with multiple layers of actors based on demand: systematic response to need for changeThis work was conducted as part of the CGIAR Initiative Livestock and Climate and is supported by contributors to the CGIAR Trust Fund. CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future dedicated to transforming food, land, and water systems in a climate crisis.This work has been partly financed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) commissioned by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (grant number: 2017.0119.2).About CGIARCGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. CGIAR science is dedicated to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate crisis. Its research is carried out by 13 CGIAR Centers/Alliances in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organizations and the private sector. www.cgiar.orgWe would like to thank all Funders who support this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund.

Positive deviance in adaptation to climate change: Making work for development what works for people

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Positive deviance in adaptation to climate change: Making work for development what works for people

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