Al-Abri, S

Cirillo, D

Coler, R

Esposito, SMR

Goletti, D

Matteelli, A

Migliori, GB

Nemes, E

Ong, CWM

Petersen, E

Tadolini, M

Zumla, A

English

UCL Discovery

ARTICLE IN PRESS JID: IJID [m5G; April 28, 2023;4:23 ] International Journal of Infectious Diseases xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Editorial World Tuberculosis Day 2023 theme “Yes! We Can End TB!”Rs  adnHW  eeWeta1a(ciuWreplTcma(  mseabtdicTteisubw[tiudcsrcdrgttwsesmCb[fbnznl  p[ncmcniveh1(World Tuberculosis (TB) Day marks the day in 1882 when obert Koch announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculo- is ( Mtb ), the bacterium that causes TB. World TB Day is observednnually on March 24 to raise awareness about TB, a disease which espite effective treatment being available generates a high death umber burden wordwide. “Yes! We Can End TB!” is the World ealth Organization (WHO) and STOP TB Partnership theme for orld TB Day March 24, 2023 [1] . The theme is a message of gen-rating hope and a plea for re-establishing high-level political lead- rship for increased global funding to enable faster uptake of new HO management recommendations for finding, diagnosing, and ffectively treating all cases of TB using new WHO recommenda- ions. World TB Day also provides opportunities to refocus global ttention on TB after the past 3 years of distraction by the COVID- 9 pandemic. A critical challenge will be to garner political support nd obtain funding commitment for achieving the United Nation UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets for global TB ontrol at the 78th UN General Assembly (UNGA) on TB to be held n in New York in September 2023. UNGA member states must be rged to commit themselves to accelerate the rollout of the new HO-recommended shorter all-oral treatment regimens for drug- esistant TB. About a quarter of the global population (1.7 billion people) is stimated to have been infected with Mtb [2] ; although, most peo- le (more than 90%) do not progress to TB disease during their ifetime [3] . The disease typically affects the lungs (pulmonary B) but it can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The urrently recommended treatments for drug-sensitive TB (a 4-6- onth course of anti-TB drugs) can cure about 85% of affected dults and children [4] . New regimens to treat multidrug-resistant MDR)-TB in as short as 6 months are now available [ 4 , 5 ]. Regi-ens of 1-6 months are available to treat TB infection [6] . Univer- al health coverage is necessary to ensure that all people with dis- ase or infection can access the treatments. The number of people cquiring infection and developing disease (and in turn, the num- er of deaths caused by TB) can also be reduced through multisec- oral action to address TB determinants [7] , such as poverty, un- ernourishment, HIV infection, smoking, and diabetes [ 6 , 8 ]. The COVID-19 pandemic has reversed years of progress made n the fight to end TB [9–13] and has increased the worldwide TB ase load, numbers of deaths, and caused disruption of essential B services worldwide [9–13] . World TB Day presents an opportunity to highlight that TB is he second most important cause of death from an infectious dis- ase worldwide (after COVID-19), with 1.6 million estimated deaths ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2023.04.006 201-9712/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Soc http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ) n 2021 [2] , and it deserves continuous attention and financing de- pite competing priorities. There is an urgent need for rapid scale- p of action and investments in TB health services across the world ecause the 2022 targets of the UNGA High-Level Meeting on TB, hich was set in 2018 (UNGA, 2018), have not been achieved yet 14] . To achieve TB elimination, increased investments are required hrough accelerating the promising new TB vaccines pipeline and mplementing preventive therapies, point-of-care new rapid molec- lar diagnostic tests, and continuous access to more efficient oral rug treatment regimens for sensitive and resistant Mtb strains in hildren and adults. Knowing the work ahead, it is important to acknowledge the uccesses reached in 2022 by many TB high burden countries to ecover from the impact of COVID-19 epidemic and to ensure ac- ess to diagnostics, updated treatment regimens in adults and chil- ren, digital technology, and artificial intelligence to provide a TB esponse. Great efforts have also been done to increase the en- agement of those affected by TB, involving the communities and he civil society who are leading the movement toward ending his disease. All these need to be factored in for a comprehensive orldwide TB control plan. In this special IJID World TB Day is- ue to commemorate World TB Day, we present nine reports cov- ring several of these aspects: impacts of COVID-19 on the diagno- is of TB, MDR-TB, and on mortality [15] ; characterization of im- une inflammation of TB-COVID-19 coinfection [16] ; the impact of OVID-19 on increasing non-communicable diseases, such as dia- etes [17] ; updated drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment regimens 18] ; need of new formulations of TB drugs, especially for MDR-TB, or children [19] ; importance of the engagement of those affected y TB in the clinical trials [20] ; new proposed strategies to design ew TB vaccines, such as the mRNA technology [21] ; characteri- ation of the TB vaccine-induced immunity in newborns [22] ; the ecessity to have genomic and geospatial epidemiology of Mtb at a ocal level, as reported in Oman [23] ; and the urgent need to haverogrammatic management of TB preventive treatment (PMTPT) 24] . The Global Plan to End TB 2023-2030 by the STOP TB part- ership [25] highlights a positive message of hope that we really an end the TB pandemic by 2030 if all stakeholders from UN ember states, policy makers, scientists, and funders of affected ommunities can mobilize their collective energy, knowledge, tech- ologies, and resources to make TB a global priority, demand- ng sufficient funds and make appropriate interventions for pre- ention, diagnosis, and treatment services available to all people verywhere. iety for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY license D. Goletti, S. Al-Abri, G.B. Migliori et al. International Journal of Infectious Diseases xxx (xxxx) xxx ARTICLE IN PRESS JID: IJID [m5G; April 28, 2023;4:23 ] DFRrAaSTWTfTIMR    [  eclaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare. unding The work was partially supported by the Ministry of Health, icerca Corrente, Linea 4, Progetto 2. The funder did not have any ole in the writing and approval of the manuscript. uthor contributions The first draft was written by DG; it was then revised by AM, EP nd GBM; then the draft was revised and approved by all authors A, RC, CWMO, SE, MT, DC, EN, AZ. ransparency declaration This article is part of a supplement entitled Commemorating orld Tuberculosis Day, March 24th, 2023: “Yes! We Can End B” published with support from an unrestricted educational grant rom QIAGEN Sciences Inc. Delia Goletti ∗Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Roma, Italy Seif Al-Abri Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman International Society for Infectious Diseases, Brookline, USA Giovanni Battista Migliori Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy Rhea Coler Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, USA Catherine Wei Min Ong Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Tower Block, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy Marina Tadolini Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Alberto Matteelli Institute of Infectious and Tropical diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB prevention, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Daniela Cirillo Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre in Tuberculosis Laboratory Strengthening, Division of Immunology, 2ransplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Elisa Nemes South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Alimuddin Zumla Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NHIR-BRC, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Eskild Petersen Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman nstitute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark and ESCMID (European Society Clinical icrobiology and Infectious Diseases), Emerging Infections Task Force, Basel, Switzerland ∗Corresponding author: E-mail address: delia.goletti@inmi.it (D. Goletti) eferences [1] Stop TB Partnership. Yes! We Can End TB 2023. https://www.stoptb.org/news/ yes- we- can- end- tb [accessed 11 February 2023] . [2] World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022, https: //www.who.int/teams/global- tuberculosis- programme/tb- reports/ global- tuberculosis- report- 2022 ; 2022 [accessed 27 January 2023]. [3] Goletti D, Delogu G, Matteelli A, Migliori GB. The role of IGRA in the diagnosisof tuberculosis infection, differentiating from active tuberculosis, and decision making for initiating treatment or preventive therapy of tuberculosis infection. 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World Tuberculosis Day 2023 theme “Yes! We Can End TB!”

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World Tuberculosis Day 2023 theme “Yes! We Can End TB!”

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