This study delves into the significance of mechanical and light waves in comprehending diverse scientific concepts. Waves and vibrations are essential topics for students due to their numerous real-life applications. However, individual students' perspectives and everyday experiences may lead to misconceptions that hinder their learning process. To tackle this issue, a four-tier diagnostic test was designed and validated to assess students' conceptions and misconceptions. Content validity and reliability tests were conducted to ensure the instrument's accuracy and consistency. This research primarily focused on two prominent misconceptions related to wave behavior and properties, specifically involving light diffraction, reflection, and refraction. The results revealed varying levels of misconception among students, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions in physics education. Educators play a crucial role in enhancing students' conceptual understanding by providing clear explanations of complex concepts, fostering discussions, and incorporating real-life examples. The findings underscore the importance of addressing misconceptions and cultivating meaningful learning experiences in physics education. A deeper understanding of scientific concepts enables students to develop critical thinking and reasoning skills, contributing to their overall academic achievement and real-world applications. By recognizing and rectifying misconceptions, educators can empower students to excel in their academic pursuits and apply their knowledge effectively in various practical scenarios
