Rosema, Martin

Thomassen, Jacques

English

In this paper we contrast two approaches of conceptualising and operationalising partisanship. The first defines partisanship as a social identity, following the original conceptualisation by the Michigan scholars. The second defines partisanship as a configuration of attitudes or party evaluations. We discuss the differences between both approaches and present empirical analyses using cross-national survey data to show that both approaches lead to different conclusions regarding (1) the number of partisans, (2) the stability of partisanship, and (3) the relationship between partisanship and vote choice. Building on these findings, we present a conceptualisation that comprises both elements; that is, partisan identity and party evaluations. We put forward a view on how these elements relate to each other and which one is most relevant in which context

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facets, supporting initial theory by the author: 1. Dependence on authority and simple moral rules, 2. Dependence on authority for safety and comfort, 3. Simple good guy/bad guy social worldview, 4. Loyalty to authority, 5. Blind obedience, 6. Endorsement of reinforcement and punishment to control followers, 7. Trust in divine authority over own judgment, 8. Trust in elected officials more than in civilians. 9. Reassured by political leader speeches. Cronbach alpha reliability is .90. Validity is evident in correlations as expected with antisocial traits (warmongering .56**, violence-proneness .36*, religious fundamentalism .57**), and with pro-social traits (endorsing a positive foreign policy -.38*). The authorʼs Authoritarianism Endorsement scale includes a few contrait items. However, response bias concerns, which motivated years of tedious effort by Bob Altemeyer to develop contrait items for his Right Wing Authoritarianism scale, are found to be spurious. In a study of a 44-item warmongering endorsement scale, including con-trait items created a scale that is no more valid or reliable than an all pro-trait item scale and is less user-friendly for persons completing the questionnaire than an all pro-trait scale. Authoritarianism Endorsement is postulated to be a facet of a species survival mechanism designed to reduce excess population via warmongering when stress on life-support resources gets too great References: Politicalpsychologyresearch.com, Publications Section, items 8, 11 and 16. A Psychoanalytic Reading of Adam Smithʼs “The Wealth of Nations” *Sule Ozler, University of California at Los Angeles [Panel] 1Z Contemporary Politics, Conflicts, Trauma, and Healing: A Psychohistorical Approach [Section] Political Conflict, Violence, and Crisis  Contemporary mainstream (Neoclassical) economics has been called the “dismal science” by many social scientists; the masculine value based modeling of human behavior known as “homo economics” has been criticized by many feminist economists as well as heterodox economists of all persuasions. In this research program we aim to bring economics back to life, ironically, by first, psychoanalytically analyzing a text written by a “dead man” more than two hundred years ago. The text, “The Wealth of Nations” (WN) by Adam Smith, was published in 1776. We choose this text because Adam Smith is widely recognized as the father and founder of economics as a science and the “Wealth of Nations” as a seminal text. Our approach of chapter-by-chapter listening to WN leads us to identify several themes in the text, such as relatedness, difference and power, the meaning of money, conceptualization of women and gender in the economy, and relatedness. In this paper we focus on relatedness. In WN, dependency is seen as a central problem of the human condition. This goes with a strong stress of the importance of independency and freedom. There is no explicit discussion of dependency relations and the variety of ways people deal with this in practice. Instead Smith addresses this issue at the theoretical level assuming that these dependency problems will be resolved by the market. It is the market mechanism that takes care of that in the realm of the natural idealized world where the forces of demand and supply are left to regulate behavior and bring about justice and increased wealth. Appealing to the self-love of others is proposed as the primary mechanism to have oneʼs needs met. Otherwise it is silent on aspects of relatedness such as reciprocity, love, benevolence. We propose a new way of doing economics by allowing for human relatedness beyond the market mechanism. To this end we highlight the potential roles empathy and reciprocity may play in economic life. A Theory of Dual Partisanship *Martin Rosema, University of Twente Jacques Thomassen, University of Twente [Panel] 4Q The Psychology of Partisanship (Part A: The Nature of Partisanship) [Section] Electoral Behavior, Participation and Public Opinion  In this paper we contrast two approaches of conceptualising and operationalising partisanship. The first defines partisanship as a social identity, following the original conceptualisation by the Michigan scholars. The second defines partisanship as a configuration of attitudes or party evaluations. We discuss the differences between both approaches and present empirical analyses using cross-national survey data to show that both approaches lead to different conclusions regarding (1) the number of partisans, (2) the stability of partisanship, and (3) the relationship between partisanship and vote choice. Building on these findings, we present a conceptualisation that comprises both elements; that is, partisan identity and party evaluations. We put forward a view on how these elements relate to each other and which one is most relevant in which context. A Three-Factor Authoritarianism Scale *Philip T. Dunwoody, Juniata College 

A Theory of Dual Partisanship

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/294962983/Rosema2008theory.pdf

A Theory of Dual Partisanship

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