Kirgina, Mariya Vladimirovna

Kutuzova, V. P.

Morozova, Yana Pavlovna

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

Том 2 XXIV Международная конференция «Химия и химическая технология в XXI веке»286References1.  World oil and gas reserves.  Is  the end already near?  [Electronic  resource]  //  Access  mode: https://dprom.online/oilngas/mirovye-zapasy-nefti-i-gaza-konets-uzhe-blizok/  (date  of  appli-cation: 16.02.2023).2.  Development of the process of processing rape-seed  oil  into  biodiesel  and  high-octane  com-ponents of diesel fuel / S. G. Zavarukhin, V. A. Yakovlev, V. N. Parmon [et al.] // Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils, 2010. – № 1 (557). – P. 3–7.INVESTIGATION THE EFFECT OF HETEROATOMIC COMPOUNDS IN DIESEL FUEL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEPRESSORSV. P. Kutuzova, Y. P. MorozovaScientific supervisor – PhD, associate professor M. V. KirginaLanguage supervisor – assistant teacher I. A. BogdanovNational research Tomsk polytechnic university 634050, Russia, Tomsk region, Tomsk, 30 Lenina Ave, vasilina.kutuzova2000@mail.ruThe fluidity of diesel fuel (DF) at negative tem-peratures is determined by low-temperature charac-teristics, such as: cloud point (Cp), cold filter plug-ging point (CFPP) and pour point (Pp). The using of winter and arctic grades of diesel fuel (CFPP not higher than –25 and –45 °С, respectively) makes it possible to ensure stable and uninterrupted opera-tion of equipment in extreme conditions. Depres-sant additives (depressors, DA) are introduced into DF to achieve the best low-temperature characteris-tics. The use of depressors prevents the enlargement and association of n-paraffin crystals that are part of the fuels. The improvement of low-temperature properties occurs due to the adsorption of additives on n-paraffin crystals or their co-crystallization.From the literature data, it`s known that the quality and various properties, including low-tem-perature ones, of petroleum fuels are also deter-mined by the content of heteroatomic compounds in their composition [1]. The effect of heteroatom-ic compounds on the low-temperature properties of fuels has been poorly studied, so this topic is of great interest.The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of a depressor additive on the low-temperature properties of a DF sample for further work on the study of the effect of heteroatomic compounds on the effectiveness of depressor additives. The object of the study is a commercial DF and two different depressors.The low-temperature properties presented above: Cp, CFPP, Pp of the DF sample under study were determined in accordance with the require-ments [2]. Then two depressor additives were intro-duced and the characteristics of the resulting blends were determined in a similar way. The obtained re-sults are presented in the Table.Based on the Table, it can be seen that the stud-ied DT sample meet to the Arctic DF brand.The addition of both additives to DF sample had a significant positive effect on Pp (Pp decreased by 9 °C).The introduction of additives into the fuel sample under study had practically no effect on the CFPP. The effectiveness of depressor additives, i.e. the susceptibility of DF to them, is determined by the composition of the sample itself. For the study, a commercial DF was used, which may already con-tain various impurities and additives in its composi-tion, because of which the additional introduction of a depressor didn`t have the expected effect.Thus, it has been experimentally established that depressor additives from different manufac-turers have the same effect on the low-temperature properties of the DF sample under study. It can be concluded that the introduction of the studied de-pressor additives has a positive effect only on the Cp and Pp of the DF sample.Table 1. Low-temperature properties of the DF sample and it`s blends with additivesSample Cp, °C CFPP, °C Pp, °CDF –35 –45 –46DF + DA1 –37 –45 –54DF + DA2 –37 –45 –54 Секция 7.  Химия и химическая технология на иностранном языке (английский)287Commercial fuel was chosen as the test sample at the first stage of the work, since its composition practically does not contain heteroatomic com-pounds after the hydrotreating process. In future work, it`s planned to conduct research and study the role of the addition of individual heteroatomic com-pounds to the test sample on the low-temperature properties and effectiveness of depressor additives.References1.  Lei  Yang,  Shengqiang  Wang,  Ruicong  Wang, Hongbing  Yu,  Selective  Removal  of  Nitro-gen-Containing Heterocyclic Compounds  from Transportation Diesel Fuels with Reactive Ad-sorbent,  Chinese  Journal  of  Chemical  Engi-neering. – Vol. 21. – Issue 5. – 2013.2.  State  standard  305-2013  Interstate  standard. Diesel  fuel.  Specifications  [Electronic  re-source].  –  Access  mode:  http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200107826.RESEARCH OF PLASMA-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURED OXIDE FUEL COMPOSITIONS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS-COOLED REACTORSA. A. KuznetsovaScientific adviser – Ph.D. Sc., Associate Professor of the NFCD ESNS A. G. KarenginLinguist – assistant of the NFCD ESNS I. Yu. NovoselovNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050, Russia, Tomsk, Lenin Ave., 30, aak264@tpu.ruOne of the promising directions for the devel-opment of nuclear hydrogen energy in Russia is the use of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors for the energy-efficient production of hydrogen in the pro-cess of methane steam reforming.The used nuclear fuel (NF) in the form of ce-ramic uranium oxide fuel enriched with the urani-um-235 isotope, along with its advantages, also has significant disadvantages: brittleness, low thermal conductivity and the risk of cracking, a short operat-ing cycle (3–5 years), limited natural reserves of the uranium isotope-235, production of power-grade plutonium [1]. While the use of thorium-232 reduc-es the cost of isotopic enrichment [2].The approximate content of thorium in the earth's crust is 3–5 times higher than the reserves of uranium, and the use of such nuclear fuel drastically reduces the production of power-grade plutonium, allows you to create ultra-small (up to 10 MW) and small (up to 100 MW) nuclear power plants for the production of hydrogen in remote and hard-to-reach regions. However, this NF still has a flaw – low thermal conductivity. It is promising to use dispersive nucle-ar fuel (DNF) in the form of fuel oxide compositions (FOC), including oxides of fissile metals (uranium, thorium), uniformly distributed in an oxide matrix, which has a high thermal conductivity and a small neutron absorption cross section. The common disadvantages of the technologies used for obtaining FOC (separate production and mechanical mixing, the “sol-gel” process, etc.) are the multistage nature, duration and high energy and labor costs [1, 2]. The use of gas-discharge plasma for plas-ma-chemical synthesis of FOC from dispersed aqueous-organic nitrate solutions (AONS), includ-ing an organic component (alcohols, ketones) and solutions of an aqueous nitrate solution, should be attributed to one-stage, uniform distribution and the required composition phases, low energy and labor costs [3].The paper presents the results of theoretical studies of the process of plasma-chemical synthesis of FOC from dispersed solutions of AONS, includ-ing an organic component (ethanol, acetone), aque-ous nitrate solutions of fissile (uranium, thorium) and matrix (magnesium, aluminum, yttrium) met-als, as well as the results of experimental studies of the process on model solutions of AONS containing neodymium (instead of uranium) and cerium (in-stead of thorium). The effect of temperature and mass fraction of air (oxidizer) on the process of synthesis of FOC is shown in Fig. 1.

Investigation the effect of heteroatomic compounds in diesel fuel on the effectiveness of depressors

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Investigation the effect of heteroatomic compounds in diesel fuel on the effectiveness of depressors

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