Baar, Frans P.M.

De Wit, Rianne

Duivenvoorden, Hugo J.

Tibboel, Dick

Van Dijk, Monique

Van Herk, Rhodee

English

Several observation scales have been developed to measure pain in elderly persons with cognitive impairments. Most scales, however, do not provide cut-off scores for pain, and previous studies do not include data on non-verbal patients with diagnoses other than dementia. Objective: The development of an easy-to-use, reliable and valid pain observation scale, the Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS), for use in nursing home residents incapable of reporting pain themselves. Methods: In this multicenter case-control study 174 residents of various cognitive levels were videotaped at rest and during a potentially painful activity. Prevalences and co- occurrences of behaviors were examined, and interrelationships were identified. To reduce number of items, multiple linear regression analysis was used. Interrater-, and intrarater agreements and internal consistency were investigated. To estimate validity, REPOS was related to Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia-Scale (PAINAD), and activity and rest situations were compared. Results: A one-dimensional model with a good fit was found. After redundancy analysis, ten items remained. Interrater- and intrarater agreements of two observers were good. Internal consistency was moderate. Correlations between REPOS and NRS were small to medium, and between REPOS and PAINAD large. REPOS-scores for the two situations differed significantly. A total score of 3 and higher indicates pain. Conclusions: REPOS appears to be promising for identifying pain in residents of various cognitive levels. To improve pain management, a cut-off score for pain was determined, together with a treatment protocol. Its conciseness suggests good usefulness in daily practice.</p

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The Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS):A new behavioral pain scale for non-communicative adults and cognitively impaired elderly persons

https://pure.eur.nl/files/98562802/The_Rotterdam_Elderly_Pain_Observation_Scale_REPOS.pdf

The Rotterdam Elderly Pain Observation Scale (REPOS):A new behavioral pain scale for non-communicative adults and cognitively impaired elderly persons

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