This set of slides was used both in a workshop, Digital Humanities in Early Music Research I, Session II – Early Music Databases and Encoding and in a Paleography course at University of Freiburg. They present the following topics: (1) A short introduction to MEI, (2) Basic Structure of an MEI file, (3) Examples, (4) MEI Technologies - Editors and Viewers, (5) Mensural notation in MEI, (5) Hands-on encoding example. MEI template file for use with the slides can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17613/m5yr-xb87

Anna E. Kijas

Martha E. Thomae Elías

Humanities Commons

Encoding MensuralNotation with MEICombination of presentations:Digital Humanities in Early Music Research I, Session II – Early Music Databases and EncodingPrague [online] (June 24th & 30th, 2020)Paleography course at University of FreiburgGermany [online] (January 25th, 2021)Martha E. ThomaePhD Candidate in Music Technology, Schulich School of Music, McGill UniversityResearch Assistant at Distributed Digital Music Archives and Libraries (DDMAL) Lab, McGill UniversityShort Introduction to MEI2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 2Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)• A community and a format• The format: • XML based• Hierarchical structure (tree structure)• Tags (elements)• Attributes to define the properties of elements• Goal: encode a wide variety of music documents32021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeExample: Elements, Attributes, and Values• Elements• <note> and <rest>• Attributes• Pitch name (@pname)• Octave (@oct)• Duration (@dur)<note pname=“c” oct=“4” dur=“1”/><rest dur=“1”/>@dur valuesTUTORIAL: https://music-encoding.org/tutorials/101-quickstart.html42021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeBasic Structure of an MEI File2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 5Basic Structure of an MEI FileMetadataMusic62021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeBasic Structure of an MEI FileMetadata72021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<meiHead> basic elementsTUTORIALShttps://music-encoding.org/resources/tutorials.htmlXML Basics and Minimal MEI File StructureOutermost basic structure of an MEI-conformant document(conforms to the schema of MEI)Basic structure of a “valid” MEI file@xmlns82021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeBasic Structure of an MEI FileMusic92021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<music> basic elements“Metadata,” but for the voicesActual music content102021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<music> basic elements“Metadata,” but for the voices112021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<scoreDef> - General Information for VoicesGeneral information for ALL voices• Meter• KeySpecific information for EACH voice• Clef• Label• Number of staff-lines (@lines)• @nhttps://music-encoding.org/guidelines/v4/content/shared.html12required for validation2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<music> basic elementsActual music content132021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<section> - Actual Musichttps://music-encoding.org/guidelines/v4/content/shared.html142021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae<section> - Actual Music<note/><rest/>https://music-encoding.org/guidelines/v4/content/shared.html152021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeNotes and Rests• Pitch name (@pname)• Octave (@oct)• Duration (@dur)<note pname=“c” oct=“4” dur=“1”/><rest dur=“1”/>@dur valuesTUTORIAL: https://music-encoding.org/tutorials/101-quickstart.html162021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeExample2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 17@xmlns = “http://www.music-encoding.org/ns/mei”18“Metadata,” but for the voicesActual music content2021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeIn general, this is the common structure for most MEI files. The content specific to the piece is located within the <score> tags(example in next slide)Common Structure & Example of a Score192021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeNotes on Early Music2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 20<note/><rest/>Early Music has No Measures!212021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeMEI TechnologiesEditors and Viewers2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 22Editors and Viewers• Editors• Oxygen• Visual Studio Code• Viewer (rendering system)• Verovio (https://www.verovio.org)It has an MEI Viewer (https://www.verovio.org/mei-viewer.xhtml)Verovio Editorhttps://editor.verovio.org/The best of both worlds: Editor & ViewerCan be used in Chrome and Firefox (not Safari)232021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeNeed to include these three lines before the <mei> root element. These are known as the XML Processing Instructions:MEI Schemas (for different notations): https://music-encoding.org/resources/schemas.htmlEditors• Has support for validation• Auto-completion• Show a list of valid elements / attributes / values you can use while typing1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>2 <?xml-model href="https://music-encoding.org/schema/4.0.1/mei-all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>3 <?xml-model href="https://music-encoding.org/schema/4.0.1/mei-all.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>242021-01-25 Martha E. ThomaeMensural Notation in MEI2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 25Quick ReminderBasics of Mensural Notation2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 26Mensural Notation’s Issue (in Triple Meter)longestshortestMensurationContextà ImperfectionGB-Ob MS. Canon. Misc. 213 (19v)GB-Ob MS. Canon. Misc. 213 (20r)à Alteration2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 27MEI for Mensural Notation2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 28Encoding Notes and Rests• <note> and <rest>• With same attributes as in CMNoPitchv @pnamev @octoNote shapev @durv But with different values2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 29Note Quality• @dur.quality (MEI version 5.0)2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 30Note Quality - ImperfectionGB-Ob MS. Canon. Misc. 213 (19v)<note dur="brevis" pname="f" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="f" oct="4"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="e" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="d" oct="4"/>i  "f" ct " "/i  "f" ct " " dur.quality="imperfecta"/>is" pna e="e" oct="4"/>i  " " ct " "/Current version (4.0.1)• num = “3”• numbase = “2”2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 31Note Quality - Alteration<note dur="brevis" pname="c" oct="5"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="b" oct="4"/><dot form="div"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="a" oct="4"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="d" oct="4"/>GB-Ob MS. Canon. Misc. 213 (20r)i  "c" ct " " dur.quality="imperfecta"/>is" pna e="b" oct="4"/>is" pna e="a" oct="4"/>is" pna e="g" oct="4" dur.quality="altera"/>i  " " ct " "/Current version (4.0.1)• num = “1”• numbase = “2”2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 32Dots (@form)• Dot of division• <dot form="div"/>• Dot of augmentation (or addition)• <dot form="aug"/>• <dot> is a sibling of the <note> and <rest> elements2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 33Dots (@form)• Dot of division• <dot form="div"/>• Dot of augmentation (or addition)• <dot form="aug"/>GB-Ob MS. Canon. Misc. 213 (20r)<note dur="brevis" pname="c" oct="5" dur.quality="imperfecta"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="b" oct="4"/><dot form="div"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="a" oct="4"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4" dur.quality="altera"/><note dur="brevis" pname="d" oct="4"/>2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 34Dots (@form)• Dot of division• <dot form="div"/>• Dot of augmentation (or addition)• <dot form="aug"/><note dur="semibrevis" dur.quality="perfecta"/><dot form="aug"/><note dur="minima"/> Current version (4.0.1)• num = “2”• numbase = “3”2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 35Coloration (@colored = true)<note colored="true"/>• Additionally, use @dur.quality (or @num and @numbase)to encode the effect of the coloration<note dur="brevis"/><note dur="semibrevis" colored="true" dur.quality="imperfecta"/><note dur="semibrevis" colored="true" dur.quality="imperfecta"/><note dur="minima" colored="true"/><note dur="minima" colored="true"/><note dur="brevis"/>2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 36Mensuration = Meter (in CMN)• Using the mensural module, mensuration signs can be indicated with the attributes available on the <scoreDef> and <staffDef> elements.2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 37@notationtype• Provide a @notationtype in <staffDef>   à Verovio renders the right notation• If you are using the Verovio Editor and you don’t provide a @notationtype, the Verovio Editor will stop workingContext @notationtypeValuesMensural notation“mensural”“mensural.black”“mensural.white”Neume notation “neume”Common Western music notation “cmn”2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 38Ligatures• <ligature> element as parent of the <note> elements that are part of the ligature• <ligature> is a child of <layer><ligature><note dur="brevis" pname="c" oct="5"/><note dur="longa" pname="g" oct="4"/></ligature>• Based on the note values, Verovio will render the right ligature form2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 39Ligatures• <ligature> element as parent of the <note> elements that are part of the ligature• <ligature> is a child of <layer><ligature><note dur="brevis" pname="c" oct="5"/><note dur="brevis" pname="g" oct="4"/></ligature>• Based on the note values, Verovio will render the right ligature form2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 40Ligatures with Semibreves (@form)<ligature form="recta"><note dur="semibrevis" pname="c" oct="5"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4"/></ligature><ligature form="obliqua"><note dur="semibrevis" pname="c" oct="5"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4"/></ligature>2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 41Ligatures of More than Two Notes<ligature><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="e" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="a" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="e" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="a" oct="4"/><note dur="longa" pname="c" oct="5"/></ligature>2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 42Ligatures of More than Two Notes<ligature><note dur="semibrevis" pname="g" oct="4"/><note dur="semibrevis" pname="e" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="a" oct="4" lig="obliqua"/><note dur="brevis" pname="e" oct="4"/><note dur="brevis" pname="a" oct="4"/><note dur="longa" pname="c" oct="5"/></ligature>2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 43In-Class ExerciseBalam inquit vaticinans(from Montpellier)2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 44Steps:• Open the Verovio Editor• Import the file "ReadyToGo_mensural.mei"• File à Import MEI file• Enter title• In staffDef• Enter voice label• Enter clefs• Enter mensuration• In layer• Transcribe the notes• Add the perfect / imperfect / altered values to the notes(using @num and @numbase)2021-01-25 Martha E. Thomae 45Thank you!martha.thomaeelias@mail.mcgill.ca

Encoding Mensural Notation with MEI

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Encoding Mensural Notation with MEI

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