Despite its potential to transition toward a green economy, Brazil became an
environmental villain in recent years. The anti-environmentalist and anti-indigenist
administration of President Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022) partly dismantled environmental
governance. The Amazon and its more-than-human populations were severely hit by
Bolsonaro's predatory agenda, which supported and legitimized the interests of the
anti-conservationist forces within economic sectors such as agribusiness and mining,
and fueled organized crime and violence in the region. This paper provides an overview
and analysis of Amazonian politics and policy during this period, and discusses the
importance of, and possibilities for, a transformative approach to the governance of
the region