Institute/Museum to Relocate, David Merling
Klingbeil on Surveys, Robert D. Bates
Ortiz on David, Paul J. Ray, Jr.
Be Our Partner
Random Surveyhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news/1015/thumbnail.jp

Bates, Robert D.

Merling, David

Ray, Paul J., Jr.

English

Andrews University

Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Summer 2003 Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 24.3 David Merling Robert D. Bates Paul J. Ray Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news Table of ContentsPageMuseum To RelocateKlingbeil on SurveysOrtiz on DavidBe Our PartnerRandom SurveyINSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGYHORN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSE-UMNEWSLETTERPaul J. Ray, Jr. EditorDavid Merling Assoc. EditorRandall W. Younker Assoc. EditorRobert D. Bates Asst. EditorThe Newsletter is published four times ayear by the Institute of Archaeology,Andrews University. Annual subscriptionprice is $7.50. Museum membership,subscription, and editorial correspon-dence should be addressed to the HornArchaeological Museum, Institute ofArchaeology, Andrews University,Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990,Telephone 616-471-3273, Fax 616-471-3619, e-mail hornmusm@andrews.edu.Volume 24.3 Summer 2003ISSN 1095-2837Institute/Museum to RelocateThe Horn Archaeological Museum on the campus of Andrews University is a treasure troveof ancient Middle Eastern artifacts. Figurines, such as the god Baal, and large collections of ceram-ics, cuneiform tablets and coins are just a sampling of the thousands of interesting artifacts in themuseum set in their archaeohistorical context with murals painted by artist Nathan Greene.In November of this year, the Institute of Archaeology/Horn Archaeological Museum will bemoving from its current location on the campus of Andrews University to a building on Old U.S.31 which was the former home of a local bank. The building, which is owned by the university,currently also houses several commercial offices.The original location of the Museum, beginning in 1970, was on the ground floor of the JamesWhite Library. It, along with the newly founded Institute of Archaeology, moved to its currentlocation in 1982. Although this facility, across from the Seventh-day Adventist TheologicalSeminary, has featured a compelling exhibit covering an entire floor of the building, the remainderof the space, which consists of offices and an archaeological library, did not provide for storageand laboratory space. As a result, researchers and students had to make use of temporary facilitieshoused in other buildings on campus. In addition, the current building was built earlier last centuryand no longer functions economically in terms of such infrastructure items as electricity and heat-ing. As a result it has been slated for destruction as soon as a new facility was available. When itbecame apparent that the vacated bank building had remained empty for an extended period oftime, Drs. Younker and Merling approached the University Administration about acquiring it as theFuture home of the Institute of Archaeology/Horn Archaeological Museum. 12234continued on p. 2new location for the Institute/Museum.After a short period of negotiations theUniversity agreed.The larger facility will allow formuch-needed laboratory and work spaceand will provide a higher profile for theMuseum. Because it takes time to designand build a new state-of-the-art exhibit,as well as remodeling the facade of thebuilding, the museum expects to beclosed for the next two years. We aresorry for any inconvenience this maycause, but believe that the end result willbe worth the effort. The Institute offices,laboratories, storage and work areasshould be operational within the next fourto six months. (David Merling)On March 24, 2003 Gerald A.Klingbeil, Professor of Old Testamentand Ancient Near Eastern Studies at RiverPlate Adventist University spoke for theHorn  Museum Lectureship. His presenta-tion was entitled Getting the Big Picture:Surveys in Archaeology.Survey work has been a part of thearchaeology of Syria-Palestine for morethan 150 years. In the past most surveywork involved exploring the region andcreating topographical maps. Today sur-veys have two distinct research designs.The central site survey examines a specif-ic archaeological site and its surroundingarea. This type of survey investigatesregional development, population sizeand settlement patterns. The regional sur-vey does not examine a specific site, butfocuses upon different aspects of theregion's history, like population develop-ment during various periods. Archaeologists have begun to usesophisticated technologies in their surveywork.  Many use a Global PositioningSystem (GPS) to map site locations fairlyquickly to within 1 meter. This makes itpossible to get accurate measurements ofthe topography and geography. ElectronicDistance Measurer (EDM) enables meas-urements to be recorded quickly and laterused for creating computer-generatedmaps. This data can be used to makethree-dimensional reconstructions ofbuildings or other architectural features.In addition to creating surface maps,archaeologists also use other technologiesto map potential structures below theground in preparation for excavation.Geophysical Diffraction Tomography(GDT) uses sound waves to identify sub-surface anomalies and with the help ofmathematical algorithms a computer canproduce complete images of subsurfacefeatures.  Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) also uses low-powered radiowaves to detect density changes in thesubsurface layers and locate buriedobjects.  A large machine is pulled over agrid area and a radar profile is generated.Unfortunately, some results may beinconclusive because of the soil conduc-tivity and other factors. In order to keep track of much of theinformation generated by the varioustechnologies and methodologiesemployed in the survey process, manyarchaeologists use GeographicalInformation System (GIS).  This technol-ogy incorporates geographically refer-enced data points such as soil, artifact andsettlement types, roads, water systemsand topography in order to view relatedinformation at different periods in time.With the help of this system, archaeolo-gists can determine the spatial and envi-ronmental signature of a specific site.Dr. Klingbeil is cautious about therole technology may play in future surveywork. He is concerned that uniform stan-dards have not been employed and thatdata from different sites may not be com-patible. He suggests that research designsand methodology should be clearlydefined and any presuppositions articulat-ed. A standard terminology also needs tobe adopted. In addition, a total randomsample needs to be collected including allceramics and other data that can be foundon site. This data should be processed bytrained software specialists and publishedas quickly as possible. (Robert D. Bates)On April 7, 2003 Steven M. Ortiz,Professor of Archaeology at the NewOrleans Baptist Theological Seminaryand Director of the Tel Gezer Excavation,presented a lecture for the Horn MuseumLecture Series entitled House of David orthe Tent of David? Current Issues andTrends in Biblical Archaeology. Recent archaeology has tended tolook negatively on David and Solomon.The Davidic dynasty is mentioned in onlya couple of extrabiblical texts and thereare no state documents from Jerusalem inthe 10th century BC. David is now seenas more of a bedouin chief than a king.Along with this trend there has been amove by Israel Finkelstein and others tothe so-called low chronology. This viewis essentially the revival of older argu-ments bolstered by evidence from morerecent excavations at Jezreel and is anattempt to close the so-called 9th centuryBC gap in archaeological knowledge ofceramic development. This position shiftsceramics and their associated materialculture 100 years later, into the 9th centu-ry BC, creating a domino effect on thechronology of the rest of the Iron Age.It is further assumed that two cul-tures living side-by-side must have theGerald A. KlingbeilKlingbeil onSurveysOrtiz on Davidsame pottery, hence because Iron Age IPhilistine wares do not appear at LachishVI, these wares must have been intro-duced later. However, ethnographicalstudies have shown that contemporarycultures in close proximity do have dis-tinct material cultures. Applying a simpletrait-list approach that assumes that ifDavid  lived in the 10th century BC thereshould be empirical evidence, then thelack of such evidence would seem to indi-cate that the associated biblical storiesare either fabrications or embellishments.However, other factors such as 1) thesmall percentage of Jerusalem that hasactually been excavated; 2) that mostplaces where evidence might be found areinhabited by modern residences; 3) thatwhat little evidence there is must be inter-preted; and 4) the bent of those who con-trol that interpretation, also play a role. The alternative standard (high) chron-ology views the 10th and 9th century BCceramic forms to be similar, developingslowly from the 10th to the 8th centuriesBC when they became standardized. Theywere further affected by regional varia-tion. It has been noted that the surfaces atJezreel are disturbed and the pottery actu-ally reflects earlier 10th century BC occu-pation, as at Samaria. The so-called 9thcentury BC gap reflects a lack of data dueto the fact that few sites with ceramicmaterial from this century have beenexcavated. There is also a need for thedevelopment of statistical models whichtarget information on regional variation.Emphasis should be placed on processesrather than on a simple trait-list approach.Finally, one should not dismiss the fewextrabiblical texts that are available suchas the house of David and the MeshaInscription. These texts, in fact, support akingship rather than a bedouin view ofDavid. (Paul J. Ray, Jr.)Just clip this form and send it to:Horn Archaeological MuseumAndrews UniversityBerrien Springs, MI 49104-0990Donation Level: Your Name: Renovation: Address:Exhibit (s): Phone: Adopt an Artifact: E-mail:As Needed: Fax:Total Enclosed:Please make checks payable to: Horn ArchaeologicalMuseum. Would you like your name mentioned as a donor in theNewsletter?YES NOSteven OrtizBE OUR PARTNERAs the Museum moves to a larger facility and takes on a wider role in the community, weneed your help more than ever. Please support Archaeology at Andrews University with your generous donation.Benefactor $1000 Patron $500 Sponsor $100Sustainer $50 Contributor $25 Participator $10Olympic Construction As a result of the construc-tion projects currentlyunderway in Greece to pre-pare for the 2004 Olympics,over 20 new archaeologicalexcavations have been initi-ated. Discoveries have beenmade from various periods,including an aqueduct builtby the Roman EmperorHadrian (r. AD 117-38).Officials maintain that theprojects are still on sched-ule, though some have beenmodified to preserve thearchaeological findings.    Archaeological Park at Ramat Rahel Recently OpenedThe Ramat Rahel Archaeological Park in Israel recently opened for visitors. It includesfeatures from various time periods including the remains of two royal palaces, dating tothe 9th and 7th centuries BC. It is possibly the OT site of Beit Hakerem. Death of Walter RastThe archaeological community is mourningthe loss of Walt Rast, who died on Aug. 22.He is best-known for his excavations atTa‘anach and Bab edh-Dhra‘, his presidencyof ACOR and as editor of BASOR.Temple Annexed by Caligula This summer a team ofarchaeologists fromStanford and Oxford dig-ging in the Roman Forumfound evidence thatEmperor Caligula hadextended his palace byannexing the nearby Templeof Castor and Pollux.  Anexamination of nearby pipesindicates that the street sep-arating the two structureshad been destroyed in orderto build a new drainage sys-tem and to accommodatethe temple annexation. Thisdiscovery appears to con-firm historical sources indi-cating Caligula’s fixationwith his own deification. To discover more about archaeology, theInstitute, and the Museum, contact us at:VOX: 269-471-3273FAX: 269-471-3619E-mail: hornmusm@andrews.eduor visit our Web site at:www.andrews.edu/ARCHAEOLOGYINSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGYHORN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMAndrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990Address Service RequestedNon-profit OrganizationU.S. Postage  PAIDPermit No. 5Berrien Springs, MI 49103Hezekiah’s Tunnel UpdateResearchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and theReading University in England recently announced that radiomet-ric dating has been performed on Hezekiah’s Tunnel resulting in adate of ca. 700 BC. Until now, the only indications of its date werereferences to its construction in the biblical text and the Siloaminscription, neither with exact dates or names. Scientific datingnow places the tunnel at the time indicated in the biblical text. 

Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 24.3

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Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 24.3

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