Seminary Students Excavate at Tall Jalul, Robert Bates
Rainey Visits Andrews, Robert Bates
Hess Lectures, Paul J. Ray, Jr.
Feinman On Albright, Paul J. Ray, Jr.https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news/1003/thumbnail.jp

Bates, Robert

Ray, Paul J., Jr.

English

Andrews University

Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Summer 2000 Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 21.3 Robert Bates Paul J. Ray Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news Table of ContentsPageSeminary StudentsAnson Rainey VisitsRichard Hess LecturesFeinman on AlbrightRandom SampleINSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGYHORN ARCHAEOLOGICALMUSEUMNEWSLETTERPaul J. Ray, Jr. EditorDavid Merling Assoc. EditorRandall W. Younker Assoc. EditorRobert D. Bates Asst. EditorThe Newsletter is published four times ayear by the Institute of Archaeology,Andrews University. Annual subscriptionprice is $7.50. Museum membership,subscription, and editorial correspon-dence should be addressed to the HornArchaeological Museum, Institute ofArchaeology, Andrews University,Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990,Telephone 616-471-3273, Fax 616-471-3619, e-mail hornmusm@andrews.edu.Volume 21.3 Summer 2000ISSN 1095-2837Seminary Students Excavate at Tall JalulTwenty-two seminary students sponsored by Jiri Moskala of the Old TestamentDepartment at the Andrews University Seminary dug at Tall Jalul from April 25-May5, 2000.  Their trip combined a tour of Turkey, Egypt, Jordan and Israel with thetwo-week intensive dig. Students took classes in Hebrew language and Archaeologyfor three weeks prior to the tour and met for additional study on the trip. In addition,lectures on the geology of Palestine and its implication for archaeology were givenby Paul Buchhiem from Loma Linda University. The excavations were sponsored by the Horn Archaeological Museum under thedirection of Randall Younker and David Merling. Paul Ray served as FieldSupervisor and Architect and Paul Buchhiem acted as field geologist.The new field (E) consisted of four 5x5 meter squares. Doctoral students, EfrainVelazquez, Elias de Souza, Robert Bates and Patrick Mazani were assigned as squaresupervisors. Though the group only excavated for seven days, between 0.50-2.0meters of soil was removed from each square, giving the students a good introductioninto the workings of an archaeological dig. They discovered many unique and inter-esting artifacts. Among the finds were an Ammonite goddess figurine, an Ammoniteseal with flower motif and an Iron II seal with Egyptian writing.  A large quantity ofpottery from the Bronze Age, Iron Age and Islamic periods was found includingpieces of collar-rimmed jars, carinated bowls and a variety of cooking  pots. Seminary Students pose for a final picture at Tall Jalul. continued on p. 212334Several graves were discoveredin Field E. These graves arebelieved to hold the remains ofslaves from the Ottoman period andare approximately 100-150 yearsold. Some of the graves were cov -ered with medium-size stones butdid not include any other identifyingmarks and only a handful containedgrave goods. Local residents of Jalulhave identified them as being ofslaves who were not allowed at thattime to be buried on the top of theTall with the other burials. Similarburials sites were also found inFields A and B in previous excava -tion seasons.Graves that do not have histori -cal significance present a uniquechallenge for excavators. Sincethere are no relatives to claim theremains and they are unimportant tothe local community, their fate liesin the hands of the excavators. It isthe policy of the Jalul excavationsto treat such remains with the samedignity attributed to other recent orancient burials in harmony with theculture in which they are found. Allof the bones were carefully excavat-ed, photographed in situ and re-buried.Ten complete skeletons wereuncovered. One grave, of what mayhave been a female, contained abrass ring, clothing pin and bracelet.Among the remains was a childapproximately 8-10 years old andtwo babies.  One of the babies was anewborn. Its bones were quite frag -ile and did not survive intact. Theother, around 8-10 months old, wasfound near an adult that some specu-late may have been the mother ofthe child.Though these slaves were buriedin simple graves, they also appear tobe facing south in the direction ofMecca. At the end of the dig season, allof the remains found in the excava-tion were reintered in the cemeteryon the acropolis of Tall Jalul.(Robert Bates)Rainey VisitsAndrewsA nson F. Rainey, professorEmeritus of Ancient Near EasternCultures and Semitic Linguisticsfrom Tel Aviv University, visitedAndrews University from February15-19, 2000. He delivered severallectures including “Thoughts on theOrigins of Israel,” “Manasseh in theWhirlpool of Assyrian History,” and“The Hebrew Verbal System.” On February 17,  he spoke at theHorn Lectureship. His lecture enti-tled “Pictures of Israelites Found inEgypt?” addressed the question, “Dowe have any representation of a peo-ple that can be identified with theIsraelites in ancient Egyptian wallreliefs?” Rainey explained that Egyptiansare usually very careful aboutdepicting ethnicity on wall reliefs,including distinctive clothing andfacial features of the the variouscultures which they encountered.People from Palestine are shownwith a unique beard, headdress ortunic. Indeed, similar cultures fromthe same region like the Canaanites,Philistines and Hittites are givenunique identifying features to distin-guish them from each other onEgyptian wall reliefs.Recent discoveries byEgyptologists have prompted a re-examination of the Wall reliefs ofthe Karnak temple in Egypt. In hislecture, Rainey identified severalscenes that show people fromCanaan who are distinct from theCanaanites. They are referred to asthe “Shosu” who “plot rebellion”and lie in wait “on the mountains ofKharru (Canaan)” in the reliefs ofSeti I.  The conquest of thesenomadic pastoralists show them tiedup and being dragged to Egypt.Rainey asserts that the “Shosu”can be equated with the Israelitesbecause they were a pastoralist peo -ple in the region. To support thisclaim he points to the MerenptahStele which is contemporary withother Egyptian wall reliefs thatmention the Shosu. On this stele,Israel is not identified as a city,region or territory but as a people inCanaan. He says that,  contrary tosome scholars’ position, they are notan agrarian society whose cropswere destroyed but a conquered orsubdued people group.According to Rainey, a wallrelief on the temple of Amun atKarnak depicts the Shosu. Many ofthe places shown in the relief corre -Rainey at the Museum Library.Child burial found in Field E2.spond to the Merenptah victory steleincluding Ashkelon and possiblyYanoam and Gezer. Most of the sol-diers fleeing from pharaoh haveCanaanite features but some havevery unique faces and beards. One group in particular is shownbelow the chariot of the pharaoh.Their faces, headdress and beardsare unlike other typical Canaanitefeatures. Rainey does not equatethem with another scene ofCanaanite chariots fighting theEgyptians, as some scholars havesuggested. Rather, he believes thatthis group of people are theIsraelites mentioned on Merenptah’sstele. Rainey concludes that thoughthe Shosu represent a diverse groupof pastoralists including the Arabs,Edomites, and Ammonites, theseShosu have features distinct fromother groups. Their inclusion inMerenptah’s battle scenes and theclose connection to the Merenptahstele suggest that this depiction isthe first pictorial representation ofthe Israelites discovered in Egyptianwall reliefs. (Robert Bates)R ichard Hess of DenverSeminary presented an illustratedlecture entitled “Between the Sandand the Sea: Israel Sojourns in theWilderness” for the Horn MuseumLectureship series on April 10, 2000to a crowd of approximately 40 peo-ple. Hess concentrated his talk ontopographical data from the Sinaiand the Negev as well as archaeo-logical parallels which provide thebackdrop for the Israelite sojourn inthe wilderness as presented in theHebrew Scriptures. Except in the north, human habi-tation in the Sinai is usually possi-ble only on or near the few routesthrough the peninsula and it is like -ly that the modern roads followancient ones due to the restraints oftopography. When the Israelites leftEgypt they apparently did not movealong the northern route, as theywould have encountered Egyptianborder forts. Hess opts for JebelMusa or other nearby mountains asfulfilling the necessary requirementsmentioned in the text. Religious par-allels include the horned calf recent-ly found at Ashkelon, which thoughdating somewhat earlier in theMiddle Bronze Age, neverthelessillustrates what the golden calf ofExod 32 might have been like.According to Hess, calves are war-rior or protector deities often asso -ciated with border sanctuaries likethe one mentioned in connectionwith King Jeroboam I. Other reli-gious parallels include open sanctu -aries, mazzeboth and the bronzesnake found at Timna. Israel’s Godis connected with the south in bothextra-biblical (the šsw yhw or“shosu-land of Yahweh” from asearly as the time of Amenhotep IIIin the 14 th century B.C.) and bibli -cal texts (Deut 33:2; Judg 5:4-5 andHab 3:3-4). The Israelites are seenas staying in the wilderness of theNegev for almost 40 years. Researchin the Negev has shown that thearea is capable of sustaining a largepopulation for long periods of time,lending credence to the biblical tra-ditions.  In addition to the lecture for theMuseum series, Hess presented fiveother lectures to archaeology andlanguage classes in the Seminaryand the college as well as meetingwith some doctoral students for afruitful talk over lunch while he wason campus. (Paul J. Ray, Jr.)Peter Feinman of ManhattanvilleCollege, NY was on the campus ofAndrews University from February 15-17and July 18-20 studying papers and man-uscripts concerning W. F. Albright as partof his dissertation on Albright as well as apaper he will read at the annual meetingof the American Schools of Oriental Re-search in November. The materials whichhe studied were originally collected byDr. Leona G. Running in preparation forthe biography William Foxwell Albright:A Twentieth-Century Genius that was pub-lished by her and David Noel Freedmanin 1975; Cent.ed. Andrews UniversityPress, 1991. (Paul J. Ray, Jr.)Richard HessHess LecturesFeinman researching the life ofAlbright in the Museum Library.Feinman OnAlbrightNew Book: Megiddo III: the 1992-1996Seasons edited by IsraelFinkelstein et al. has recent-ly been published. Theremarkable results of sever-al intensive seasons ofrenewed excavatons greatlyclarify and redate the strati-grahy of the Early BronzeAge temple compound.Field reports, pottery analy-sis and enviromental studiesare included. A new inter-pretation of the chronologyof Iron Age II and the con-quest of the royal citadel  bythe Assyrians is presented.Egyptian Bike Stand:British Egyptologists recently examined a black granodiorite statue in the basement ofthe Southhampton museum being used as a bike stand. The 2700-year-old statue wasidentified as the 25th-dynasty pharoah Taharqa (690-664 B.C.), who allied himself withHezekiah, king of Judah, against Assyria. Officials of the museum have no record of howthe statue was acquired and believe that it may have been donated over 75 years ago. Mummy Found:A mummified Persian miner from ca. 100A.D. was found in a salt mine in Iran. Thesalt kept this 6 ft. 3 in. man from decaying.His clothes and other items were also wellpreserved.New Tomb:Recently French archaeolo-gists have discovered a4000 year old tomb ofQueen Ankh-sn-Pepi, thewife of Pepi I of the SixthDynasty. The tomb wasfound at Sakkara near Cairo.It is part of Pepi I pyramidcomplex which is in a poorstate of preservation. Thepyramid itself is completelycollapsed and the sarcopha-gus was destroyed in antiq-uity. The queen’s tomb iswell presevered and con-taines “Pyramid Text” typeprayers inscribed on thewalls. These prayers wereoriginally believed to bereserved only for the tombsof Pharaohs at  this time. To discover more about archaeology, theInstitute, and the Museum, contact us at:VOX: 616-471-3273FAX: 616-471-3619E-mail: hornmusm@andrews.eduor visit our Web site at:www.andrews.edu/ARCHAEOLOGYINSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGYHORN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMAndrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990Address Service RequestedNon-profit OrganizationU.S. Postage  PAIDPermit No. 5Berrien Springs, MI 49103Museum Exhibits:The Israel Museum in Jerusalem recently opened an exhibition ofancient artifacts related to the Christian religion, including sixancient stone jars similar to the ones used by Jesus when hechanged water into wine. Other artifacts include censors, stampers,pilgrims’ flasks and monastic chains. The exhibition runs throughOctober of 2000. 

Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 21.3

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Institute of Archaeology & Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter Volume 21.3

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