Tall Jalul 2012, Randall Younker, Paul Z. Gregor, and Paul J. Ray, Jr.
Bridge Building, Kevin Burton
Ceramic Finds: Typological and Technological Studies of the Pottery Remains from Tell Hesban and Vicinity
Random Surveyhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news/1050/thumbnail.jp

Burton, Kevin

Gregor, Paul Z.

Ray, Paul J., Jr.

Younker, Randall

English

Andrews University

Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Newsletter The Institute of Archaeology & the Horn Archaeological Museum Spring 2012 The Institute of Archaeology & Siegfried H. Horn Museum Newsletter Volume 33.2 Randall Younker Paul Z. Gregor Paul J. Ray Jr. Kevin Burton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/iaham-news Table of ContentsPageTall Jalul 2012Bridge BuildingHesban 11Random SurveyINSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGYHORN ARCHAEOLOGICALMUSEUMNEWSLETTERPaul J. Ray, Jr. EditorConstance E. Gane Assoc. EditorRandall W. Younker Assoc. EditorRobert D. Bates Asst. EditorKevin Burton Asst. EditorThe Newsletter is published four times ayear by the Institute of Archaeology,Andrews University. Annual subscriptionprice is $7.50. Museum membership,subscription, and editorial correspon-dence should be addressed to the HornArchaeological Museum, Institute ofArchaeology, Andrews University, 9047US 31, Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990,Telephone 269-471-3273, Fax 269-471-3619, e-mail hornmusm@andrews.edu.Volume 33.2 Spring 2012ISSN 1095-2837Tall Jalul 2012From May 17- June 8, 2012 Andrews University continued excavations at Tall Jalul.Excavations this summer focused on the reservoir in Field W, on the tell, and were directed byRandall Younker, Paul Z. Gregor and Paul Ray of the Institute of Archaeology at AndrewsUniversity.  Hanadi Taher served as representative for the Department of Antiquities of Jordan.Field W was opened in the 2010 season in order to explore the nature and function of thewater channel, discovered in Field G during the 2007 and 2009 seasons, and its relation to thewater reservoir.  Five squares (W7-11) were opened this season.  Work also continued in SquareW2, opened in 2010,  in order to obtain datable material to establish the possible origin of thereservoir wall discovered during the 2011 season.In Square W11, located north of Square W6, a portion of the bottom of the 7th century BCwater channel was revealed.  Since the floor of the channel is close to the present-day surface, lit-tle has survived beyond a few medium-sized flagstones which were discovered along with sometraces of plaster.  This season’s excavation has extended the exposure of the channel up to a dis-tance of nearly 50 meters. It still seems that this channel was constructed to drain water from thereservoir to natural pools located downslope, outside the tell. However, the exact relationshipbetween the channel and the reservoir is still unclear. Underneath the channel three surfaces, orfloors, from 8th and 9th centuries BC were discovered.  These surfaces correspond to those foundField W, Square 2 at Jalul. (cont’d on p. 2)1234in Square W2 during the 2011 season. Awell-preserved section of the eastern wallof the water reservoir was also found inthis square. While the relationship of thesecond floor and reservoir wall is not yetclear, the lowest floor, dating to the 9thcentury BC, seals against the wall of thereservoir, indicating that the reservoir isearlier than the 9th century BC.  Ceramicsexcavated from under this floor possiblydate to the 10th century BC, but more pot-tery is needed before this date can be stat-ed with certainty.  Thus, further excava-tion is planned for this area in the future. While Squares W8, W9 and W10revealed only post-7th century BC fill,without any architecture, Square W7revealed a large section of the southernwall of the reservoir.  This wall was con-structed in the same fashion as the easternwall of the reservoir, i.e., a stone wall,covered with a thick layer of plaster onthe interior.  Another stone wall, whichmay have served as a partition of thereservoir, was also revealed in the samesquare.  It is constructed in such a waythat it is narrow at the top, but widens outtowards its base. At the present time it isimpossible to date this wall as its founda-tion has not yet been reached. As mentioned above, excavation con-tinued in Square W2 this season.Material under the 9th century BC floorrevealed Early Iron Age II, possibly 10thcentury BC pottery.  In addition, a shortsection of another wall was discovered.Its construction was dated by the potteryfound at its foundation, and below, to theEarly Bronze Age III/IV. The most com-mon forms were “envelope” ledge han-dles, and holemouth jars.  Some of thejars were burned on the surface, suggest-ing that they had been used as cookingpots. This wall was cut by the reservoirwall, indicating minimally that the con-struction date of the reservoir is sometimeafter the end of the Early Bronze Age.Hence, the current range for the construc-tion of the reservoir runs between theMiddle Bronze and Iron Age I/II. (Randall Younker, Paul Z. Gregor andPaul J. Ray, Jr.)Bridge BuildingOn April 21, 2011 the HornArchaeological Museum presented a pro-gram entitled “Bridge-building: PersonalEncounters in the Middle East ThroughArt and Ethnography” with presentationsby Brian Manley, former Professor of Artat Andrews University and Kristen Witzel,of the Communications Department atAndrews University.Following a short reception, BrianManley began the program with a presen-tation on the “The Art of Peacemaking,”which focused on Orientalism andOrientalist painters.  This refers to a peri-od of time when artists in Europe got outof their studios and explored the Orient,painting pictures that were extremely wellexecuted. The heyday of Orientalist paint-ing was from the 1860s to the early1900s, and included artists such asEdward Lord Weeks, who painted epicportrayals of animals, multiple figures,and architecture from direct observationof the Arab world, in North Africa, Indiaand Persia; Jean-Léon Gérôme, known forfusing his paintings with bold amounts ofcolor in a very dramatic way; and LéonBelly, who is famous for his painting enti-tled “Pilgrims on the Way to Mecca,” ofwhich there is a reproduction in the lobbyof the Institute of Archaeology.The Orientalist painters were actuallyresponding to phenomenon that somewhatrepeats itself today: the fear of Muslims.The famed historian Bernard Lewis stat-ed: “it was fear more than any other sin-gle factor which led to the beginnings ofArabic scholarship in Europe.” This feardrove scholars to start looking at Islamand the regions inhabited by Muslims. Inso doing, these scholars took artists alongfor documentation purposes and much ofthe work of these artists is documentaryin nature. It should not be understood asstereotypical or exaggerated. ManyOrientalist painters lived in a region for 2-5 years as they traveled through theMiddle East. Orientalism needs to be redefined, asfear is again rising towards the inhabitantsof the Middle East, requiring the need tobreak down stereotypes.Kristen Witzel followed with a pres-entation entitled “Hospitality andResilience.” She noted that in the MiddleEast, hospitality has been described as apart of warfare. In order to support thesmall tribes it was important to have aleader with influence, and hospitality wasthe way that tribal leaders gained theirinfluence. Tribal leaders didn’t have Field W, Square 7, at Jalul.absolute power, but they had warriorswho could be supportive if their leaderwas nice enough to them. Burckhardt inhis Notes on the Bedouin and Wahabyssays: “it may be truly said that wealthalone does not give a Bedouin any impor-tance among his people. A poor man, if hebe hospitable and liberal according to hismeans ... obtains infinitely more consider-ation and influence among his tribe thanthe Bakheil or avaricious and wealthymiser who receives a guest with coldnessand lets his poor friends starve.”Many Bedouin tribal leaders didstrive to obtain wealth, but it was largelyfor the purpose of showing their generosi-ty or taking care of the poor. Hospitalityis from an Arabic word commonly associ-ated with generosity. But it is also impliesnobility, grace, and refinement. So whensomeone acts hospitable to you, they arebuilding up their own honor as well. Inthis way, an Arab is judged by how hetreats his guests. A coffee pot that is neveroff the fire speaks well of a good host.Any time a guest leaves your house, whatthey say to others affects your status, rep-utation, and your honor. All of this affectsyour breadth of influence on other people.The program also featured the art-work of Brian Manley and his studentsNaudline Pierre and Michelle Ahn, andthe photography of David Sherwin of theDepartment of Digital Media andPhotography at Andrews Universitywhich was available for perusal by thosewho attended. (Kevin Burton)Phone: 269-471-6134    *   Toll Free: 1-800-467-6369 Visa/MC   *    Fax: 269-471-6224   *    Email: aupo@andrews.eduwww.universitypress.andrews.eduISBN 978-0-943872-24-72012  xxx + 789 pp.  cloth: 8.5 x 11  $84.99Ceramic Finds: Typological and Technological Studies of thePottery Remains from Tell Hesban and Vicinityedited by James A. Sauer and Larry G. Herr. Hesban 11 is devoted in part to the typological analysis of the Tall Hisban pottery. Itcomprises many of the ca. 6000 sherds from the 1971, 1973, 1974, and 1976 excavationseasons at the site. It also provides a technological analysis of more than 200 sherds alongwith six Iron Age sherds from Tall al-vUmayri, as well as a detailed Instrumental NeutronActivation Analysis of 99 Iron Age sherds from Hisban and vUmayri.Using the masterful study of the Hesban pottery begun by Jim Sauer as a starting point, LarryHerr and his fellow contributors Yvonne Gerber and Bethany Walker cover the spectrum ofHesban pottery from the Iron Age through the Classical and Islamic periods at the site. Thetechnological studies by Gloria London and Robert Shuster, and Michael Glascock and HectorNeff round out this long awaited volume on the pottery from Tall Hisban.Photo by David Sherwin.Zeus Shrine Found in Greece:Archaeologists have recently founda shrine on the southern peak ofMount Lykaion, in Arcadia, Greece,that was in continual use from theMycenaean (Late Helladic) throughthe Hellenistic periods (ca. 1400-100 BC). Artifacts such asMycenaean drinking vessels(kylikes), miniature double-headedaxes, bronze tripods and bronzehands holding silver lightning bolts,were found at various levels, repre-sent dedications to Zeus, who is firstmentioned as receiving votive offer-ings in Linear B texts, about thetime when the altar came into use.New Seal Found in Jerusalem:A 1.5 cm seal has recently been found in Jerusalem with the name Bethlehem on it. The sealdates to the 8th or 7th centuries BC based on its paleography and the ceramics found with it. Itwas probably used to seal tax documents, and is the oldest extrabiblical reference to the town.Lion Statue Found:Archaeologists have found the remains of the gatecomplex of the citadel of Kunulua, capital of the NeoHittite Kingdom of Patina, at Tell Tayinat, Turkey.The citadel dates to ca. 950-725 BC, and is adornedwith stone sculptures, including a 1.3 x 1.6 m lion.Pyramid Builders Found:Several 2.75 m deep mud-brick shaft tombs containinga dozen skeletons haverecently been found near theGiza pyramids, dating to the4th Dynasty (2575-2467BC). The bodies were foundin a fetal position withheads pointing to the westand feet to the east, alongwith jars once containingbeer and bread for the after-life. The discovery of thesetombs, in close proximity tothe pyramids, and the man-ner of burial, in preparationfor the afterlife, indicatesthat private citizens ratherthan slaves built theseancient monuments.To discover more about archaeology, theInstitute, and the Museum, contact us at:VOX: 269-471-3273FAX: 269-471-3619E-mail: hornmuseum@andrews.eduor visit our Web site at:www.andrews.edu/archaeologyThe Institute of ARCHAEOLOGYSiegfried H. Horn MuseumAndrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104-0990Address Service RequestedNon-profit OrganizationU.S. Postage  PAIDPermit No. 5Berrien Springs, MI 49103Four Pasts:Archaeologists by inclination are interested in the past, but it is thedefinition of the past which is of interest to Øystein LaBianca, whohas recently elaborated on four different types of past: 1) thedesired past, 2) the contested past, 3) the forbidden past, and 4) thepropaganda past. The ideas behind these types of past areexplainedwith pertinent archaeological examples in the First Person sectionof the July/August 2012 Biblical Archaeology Review 38.4: 4, 60.

The Institute of Archaeology & Siegfried H. Horn Museum Newsletter Volume 33.2

https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1050&context=iaham-news

The Institute of Archaeology & Siegfried H. Horn Museum Newsletter Volume 33.2

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Andrews University