TYRE, Lebanon — A sapper was killed and at least four others were wounded on Monday when a cluster bomb exploded as their team cleared a mine-infested field in southern Lebanon, a security source said

HD-AID,

English

On 17 August 2010 while [the Victim] was working in his clearance lane, his excavation tool touched a mine and caused it to go off. According to the investigation report and the injuries sustained by victim deminer, it seems that the de-miner has excavated a detected signal carelessly and in contrary to their SOP. It means signal was not pinpointed correctly and the de-miner had used the excavation tool directly on the top of mine, so the accident happened. Unfortunately the de-miner did not put his PPE on, therefore, he got severe injuries on his eyes, whole face, neck, chest, shoulders, arms, legs and deep wounds on his left ear. The deminer died in the spot

James Madison University

James Madison UniversityJMU Scholarly CommonsGlobal CWD Repository Center for International Stabilization and Recovery8-17-2010DDASaccident729Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident DatabaseAIDFollow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwdPart of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons,Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy CommonsThis Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, pleasecontact dc_admin@jmu.edu.Recommended CitationDatabase, Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident, "DDASaccident729" (2010). Global CWD Repository. 928.https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/928DDAS Accident Report Accident details Report date: 09/07/2011 Accident number: 729 Accident time: 11:00 Accident Date: 17/08/2010 Where it occurred: AF/0701/0723, MF289, Tandan village, Paktya Province Country: Afghanistan Primary cause: Field control inadequacy (?) Secondary cause: Management/control inadequacy (?) Class: Excavation accident Date of main report: None ID original source: None Name of source: UNMACCA Organisation: [Name removed] CBDT  Mine/device: AP blast (unrecorded) Ground condition: not recorded Date record created:  Date  last modified: 09/07/2011 No of victims: 2 No of documents: 1  Map details Longitude:  Latitude:  Alt. coord. system: Not recorded Coordinates fixed by:  Map east:  Map north:  Map scale:  Map series:  Map edition:  Map sheet:  Map name:    Accident Notes inadequate investigation (?) Inadequate detector pinpointing protective equipment not worn (?) visor not worn or worn raised (?) squatting/kneeling to excavate (?)  Accident report The only report of this accident that has been made available to date is a UNMACCA Lessons Learned document. Its conversion into a DDAS file has led to some of the original formatting being lost. Text in square brackets [ ] is editorial. This record will be revised if more information becomes available. 1 The document is reproduced below, edited for anonymity. LESSONS LEARNED SUMMARY OF [Demining group] CBDT-15 DMINING ACCIDENT INTRODUCTION:  Demining investigation team was convened by AMAC Gardez to investigate and find out the causes of the demining accident involving [the Victim] the deminer of [Demining group] CBDT-15. As this was a fatal case, so the [Demining group] site officer and QA assistant were also called to join the investigation process. The accident occurred around 11:00 hours, on 17 August 2010 in Task #AF/0701/0723/MF289 located in Tandan village, centre of Paktya province.  SUMMARY: Task #AF/0701/0723/MF289 is located in a hillside, around 13 km towards the Northwest of Gardez city. The anti-personnel mines were laid there by Russian forces during 1987-1992 to secure their positions from Mujahidin attacks. The MCPA LIAT conducted a polygon survey in this area in June 2009.  Mine clearance operations started in this area by [Demining group] as a community based demining project and the deminers from the community recruited for this operation. On 16th June 2010 CBDT-15 started demining operations in mentioned mine field. They found and destroyed 13 anti-personnel mines and cleared 85 % of the area until the accident happened.  On 17 August 2010 while [the Victim] was working in his clearance lane, his excavation tool touched a mine and caused it to go off. According to the investigation report and the injuries sustained by victim deminer, it seems that the de-miner has excavated a detected signal carelessly and in contrary to their SOP. It means signal was not pinpointed correctly and the de-miner had used the excavation tool directly on the top of mine, so the accident happened. Unfortunately the de-miner did not put his PPE on, therefore, he got severe injuries on his eyes, whole face, neck, chest, shoulders, arms, legs and deep wounds on his left ear. The deminer died in the spot. CONCLUSIONS: Carelessness of the de-miner in term of not using his PPE and visor during the operation and using the excavation tool directly on the top of signal is the main contributing factor to this accident.  RECOMMENDATIONS:  The following points are to be considered: • [Demining group] operations department is recommended to come up with a comprehensive plan of action for the improvement of command and control in their demining teams especially for the CBD projects.  • [Demining group] operations department should plan and implement revision and refresher trainings for their CBD projects in order to improve the deminers skills, the plan should be shared with MACCA operations department.  • [Demining group] should strengthen the internal QA visits to CBD projects to find the shortcomings and develop the improvement plans accordingly.  Feedback on any preventive and corrective actions taken by [Demining group] is required to be submitted to the MACCA within 7 days, effective from the issue of this report.  2 Victim Report Victim number: 922 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: DECEASED Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Frontal apron Long visor Protection used: None  Summary of injuries: INJURIES: severe Arms; severe Chest; severe Eyes; severe Face; severe Legs; severe Neck FATAL COMMENT: No Medical report was made available. "severe injuries on his eyes, whole face, neck, chest, shoulders, arms, legs and deep wounds on his left ear. The deminer died in the spot.  Analysis The primary cause of this accident is listed as a Field Control Inadequacy because the Victim was working without PPE and his error was not corrected. His failure to pinpoint a detector reading accurately and excavate safely imply that he was inadequately trained. The secondary cause is listed as a Management Control Inadequacy because the investigators found that there was a need for improved training and command and control systems, both of which are the senior management’s responsibility. The “Inadequate investigation” listed under notes refers to the absence of a full accident report. The UN supported MACCA has failed to make these widely available for some years in contravention of the requirements of the IMAS. National staff have been more responsible than the internationals with overall responsibility.  3 

DDASaccident729

A cluster bomb left over from the Israel-Hizbullah war in 2006 wounded a member of the demining team [Demining group] in south Lebanon on Friday. The National News Agency said [the Victim], 26, was wounded when the bomb exploded near the southern Lebanese town of Arabsalee

James Madison UniversityJMU Scholarly CommonsGlobal CWD Repository Center for International Stabilization and Recovery1-13-2009DDASaccident739Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident DatabaseAIDFollow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwdPart of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons,Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy CommonsThis Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, pleasecontact dc_admin@jmu.edu.Recommended CitationDatabase, Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident, "DDASaccident739" (2009). Global CWD Repository. 938.https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/938DDAS Accident Report Accident details  Report date: 11/07/2011 Accident number: 739 Accident time: 10:25 Accident Date: 13/01/2009 Where it occurred: CBU-425 Arab Salem, Area 6, Nabatiyah, Near Arabsaleem Country: Lebanon Primary cause: Management/control inadequacy (?) Secondary cause: Inadequate equipment (?) Class: Missed-mine accident Date of main report: None ID original source: None Name of source: Press Organisation: [Name removed]  Mine/device: Submunition Ground condition: not recorded Date record created:  Date  last modified: 11/07/2011 No of victims: 1 No of documents: 1  Map details Longitude:  Latitude:  Alt. coord. system: Not recorded Coordinates fixed by:  Map east:  Map north:  Map scale:  Map series:  Map edition:  Map sheet:  Map name:    Accident Notes inadequate investigation (?) inadequate equipment (?) inadequate survey (?)  Accident report No formal report of this accident has been made available to date. The report below is a compilation of press reports and email exchanges about the accident. They have been edited for anonymity. This record will be revised if more information becomes available.  1 “A cluster bomb left over from the Israel-Hizbullah war in 2006 wounded a member of the demining team [Demining group] in south Lebanon on Friday. The National News Agency said [the Victim], 26, was wounded when the bomb exploded near the southern Lebanese town of Arabsaleem.”  [The Victim] was taken to al-Najda al-Shaabiya hospital in Nabatiyeh for treatment, NNA said. Lebanese de-mining worker wounded by war-left cluster bomb www.chinaview.cn .  2009-01-23 22:49:11 BEIRUT, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- A member of the Lebanese demining team [Demining group] was wounded Friday in south Lebanon when a cluster bomb left over from the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war went off, the state-run National news agency reported.  [The Victim] was wounded when one of the cluster bombs exploded near the southern town of Arabsalim, and was taken to Nabatieh hospital, the report said.  www.chinaview.cn 2009-01-23 22:49:11  ----- Forwarded by [Name removed]/United Nations -----  [Demining group] had an accident this morning - details below in [Name removed]'s email.     [Name removed] is informing UNIFIL J3 of the details to keep them informed although the accident occurred in Area 6, Nabatiyah which is outside the UNIFIL - AOR.   The responsibility for the investigation and reporting of this is technically that of LMAC since the handover of coordination responsibilities for the clearance organisations in South Lebanon 01 January.   In this instance however, UNMACC QA Officer [Name removed] is assisting in the investigation and reporting at the request of the LMAC.   Please let us know if we can provide any more information.   Regards,  [Name removed] Programme Officer  United Nations Mine Action Coordination Centre, South Lebanon   ----- Forwarded by [Name removed]/MACC/UNIFIL -------  Just to inform you that there was an accident at [Demining group] BAC Site CBU-425. This is the information so far:   1. Location - CBU-425 Arab Salem, Area 6.  2. Date/Time of Accident - Fri 13 Jan 2009, 10.25hrs.  3. Time of Evacuation - 10.33hrs, 10.55hrs - casualty arrived at Najdeh hospital, Nabatiyah.  4. Casualty - Lebanese Searcher, Team 12/13.  5. Injuries - traumatic amputation of right foot (below ankle), fragmentation injuries to left leg.  6. Reported cause of accident - detonation of submunition during BAC surface visual search.    7. Investigation team - Lt [Name removed] (LMAC) and [Name removed] (UNMACC).  2 Regards,  [Name removed] UNMACC QA Department  Victim Report Victim number: 928 Name: [Name removed] Age: 26 Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: 30 minutes Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: INJURIES: severe Leg AMPUTATION/LOSS: Leg Below knee COMMENT: No Medical report was made available.  Analysis The primary cause of this accident is listed as a Management Control Inadequacy because the Victim was engaged in a visual search of an area where there were subsurface submunitions, so was not equipped appropriately. The secondary cause is listed as Inadequate equipment for the same reason. The SL MACC accepted that the task could be conducted with a visual search, which is the Inadequate survey listed under notes. The visual search of an area is not “clearance” as defined in the IMAS and increases the risk of civilian injury because it encourages them to think that the area is safe to use. The handover of responsibility between the UNMACC and LMAC in Lebanon was reportedly fraught, with UNIFIL problems as well. Detailed accident reports are no longer shared.  3 

DDASaccident739

[Demining group] is subcontracted by US-DOD for mine clearance in Bagram Air Field. On 15 June 2009, when the [Demining group] US-DOD related team was working on a BAC task inside the BAF, experienced an uncontrolled detonation. The accident happened when [the Victim] the deminer was excavating a detected signal using a small pick; he found a metal plate and decided to excavate beneath the metal plate, during the excavation drill his excavation tool might touched the mine and caused it to go off

James Madison UniversityJMU Scholarly CommonsGlobal CWD Repository Center for International Stabilization and Recovery6-15-2009DDASaccident734Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident DatabaseAIDFollow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwdPart of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons,Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy CommonsThis Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, pleasecontact dc_admin@jmu.edu.Recommended CitationDatabase, Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident, "DDASaccident734" (2009). Global CWD Repository. 933.https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/933DDAS Accident Report Accident details Report date: 11/07/2011 Accident number: 734 Accident time: 10:40 Accident Date: 15/06/2009 Where it occurred: Bagram Air Field (BAF), Bagram District, Parwan Province Country: Afghanistan Primary cause: Field control inadequacy (?) Secondary cause: Inadequate equipment (?) Class: Excavation accident Date of main report: 18/08/2009 ID original source: None Name of source: UNMACCA Organisation: [Name removed]  Mine/device: AP blast (unrecorded) Ground condition: not recorded Date record created:  Date  last modified: 11/07/2011 No of victims: 1 No of documents: 1  Map details Longitude:  Latitude:  Alt. coord. system: Not recorded Coordinates fixed by:  Map east:  Map north:  Map scale:  Map series:  Map edition:  Map sheet:  Map name:    Accident Notes inadequate investigation (?) inadequate survey (?) use of pick (?) squatting/kneeling to excavate (?) handtool may have increased injury (?)  Accident report The only report of this accident that has been made available to date is a UNMACCA Lessons Learned document. Its conversion into a DDAS file has led to some of the original formatting being lost. Text in square brackets [ ] is editorial. This record will be revised if more information becomes available. 1 The document is reproduced below, edited for anonymity.  File date: 18th August 2009 LESSONS LEARNED SUMMARY OF [Demining group] DEMINING ACCIDENT  INTRODUCTION:  An investigation was conducted by [Demining group] to find out the causes of demining accident involving [the Victim] the de-miner of [Demining group] MDD1 team working in Bagram Air Field (BAF). The accident occurred on 15 June 2009 at a minefield/fence inside the BAF, Bagram district of Parwan province.  SUMMARY: [Demining group] is subcontracted by US-DOD for mine clearance in Bagram Air Field. On 15 June 2009, when the [Demining group] US-DOD related team was working on a BAC task inside the BAF, experienced an uncontrolled detonation. The accident happened when [the Victim] the deminer was excavating a detected signal using a small pick; he found a metal plate and decided to excavate beneath the metal plate, during the excavation drill his excavation tool might touched the mine and caused it to go off.  The task was counted as a BAC task, the deminer [the Victim] was not taking due care and worn the PPE and eye protective glass instead of full face protective visor. The use of lower protection level caused injuries to the deminer’s face, but his eyes were remained safe. He has also got some injuries on his hands and arm with broken bones.    CONCLUSIONS: The main contributing factors to this accident were the assessment of mentioned area as a BAC task and the carelessness of deminer, as he did not take due care during the excavation drill and working without having a full face protective visor. When a sub-surface BAC search is involved, then the full face protective visor with other elements of PPE should be worn (AMAS 22.6.1.b). RECOMMENDATIONS:  However, the [Demining group] has taken appropriate actions, but as a lessons learned the following points are to be considered by all demining teams: • Full level of protection should be considered during the clearance operations both in BAC sub-surface clearance and mine clearance activities.    • The de-miners should not hurry up during the operations and be careful while conducting investigation on any detected signals. • A comprehensive assessment, technical survey and planning for the clearance of each single task should be conducted prior to commencement of clearance operations. 2 Victim Report Victim number: 927 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Frontal apron Goggles Protection used: Frontal apron; goggles Summary of injuries: INJURIES: severe Arm; severe Face; severe Hands COMMENT: No Medical report was made available. "injuries to the deminer's face, but his eyes were remained safe.. "injuries on his hands and arm with broken bones".  Analysis The primary cause of this accident is listed as a Field Control Inadequacy because the investigators found that the task had been wrongly assigned by survey and this error was not corrected. Despite the fact the subsurface excavation of mines was taking place, the Victim was permitted not to wear the approved PPE for demining. The secondary cause is listed as Inadequate equipment because the use of a pick-axe to excavate a mine delicately is not appropriate. The injuries included broken bones that probably resulted from the deminer being struck by parts of the pick-axe. The “Inadequate investigation” listed under notes refers to the absence of a full accident report. The summary gives little detail and does not list the medical treatment or the  corrective measures taken by the demining group. The UN supported MACCA has failed to make Board of Inquiry reports widely available for some years, so ignoring the requirements of the IMAS. It is noteworthy that the Afghan national staff have been more responsible over this than those internationals who presume a greater responsibility.  3 

DDASaccident734

James Madison UniversityJMU Scholarly CommonsGlobal CWD Repository Center for International Stabilization and Recovery10-25-2010DDASaccident713Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident DatabaseAIDFollow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwdPart of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons,Public Policy Commons, and the Social Policy CommonsThis Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for International Stabilization and Recovery at JMU Scholarly Commons. It hasbeen accepted for inclusion in Global CWD Repository by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, pleasecontact dc_admin@jmu.edu.Recommended CitationDatabase, Humanitarian Demining Accident and Incident, "DDASaccident713" (2010). Global CWD Repository. 912.https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-globalcwd/912DDAS Accident Report Accident details Report date: 07/07/2011 Accident number: 713 Accident time: Not recorded Accident Date: 25/10/2010 Where it occurred: Yater, Nr Tyre Country: Lebanon Primary cause: Field control inadequacy (?) Secondary cause: Other (?) Class: Handling accident Date of main report: 25/10/2010 ID original source: None Name of source: Press Organisation: [Name removed]  Mine/device: Submunition Ground condition: agricultural (recent) Date record created:  Date  last modified: 07/07/2011 No of victims: 5 No of documents: 1  Map details Longitude:  Latitude:  Alt. coord. system: Not recorded Coordinates fixed by:  Map east:  Map north:  Map scale:  Map series:  Map edition:  Map sheet:  Map name:    Accident Notes inadequate investigation (?) no independent investigation available (?) safety distances ignored (?)  Accident report No formal report of this accident has been made available. The following reports are derived from press reports, edited for anonymity.  Text in square brackets [ ] is editorial. This record will be revised as more information becomes available. 25 October 2010 Sapper dead, four wounded by Lebanon cluster bomb (AFP) – 16 hours ago 1 TYRE, Lebanon — A sapper was killed and at least four others were wounded on Monday when a cluster bomb exploded as their team cleared a mine-infested field in southern Lebanon, a security source said. Two separate blasts went off in the same area as sappers from the Peace Generation Organisation for Demining, a Hezbollah-backed group, worked to clear olive and tobacco fields in Yater, near the coastal town of Tyre, the source told AFP. The source, who requested anonymity, said the bomb had been left over from Shiite militant group Hezbollah's 2006 war against Israel that killed 1,200 Lebanese, mainly civilians, and 160 Israelis, mostly soldiers. The United Nations estimates that Israel dropped more than four million cluster bomblets in southern Lebanon during the month-long summer war. Ninety percent of the bomblets were dropped in the final 72 hours before an August 14 ceasefire, the United Nations says. Around 40 percent of the munitions failed to detonate on impact, rendering them de facto anti-personnel mines. The munitions have killed almost 50 people and maimed more than 300 civilians over the past four years, according to Lebanese army and UN figures. Most of the victims have been sappers, farmers or unsuspecting children, who mistake the shiny objects for toys. The army says more than 197,000 cluster bomblets had been defused by 2009 but hundreds of thousands remain.  Cluster-bomb fragments kill mine clearer in south Lebanon By Patrick Galey, Daily Star staff Tuesday, October 26, 2010  BEIRUT: One mine clearer was killed and several others wounded Monday when cluster bomb fragments exploded amid removal work in south Lebanon.  The workers, employees of the Hizbullah-backed [Demining group], were injured in two blasts as they combed a cluster-bomb-infested tobacco field in Yater, 10 kilometers from the city of Tyre.  A well-informed security source told The Daily Star the men were conducting clearance operations, aiming to remove explosives dropped by Israel in its 2006 war with Hizbullah, when the explosions occurred.  “They were from a local organization working in Yater, clearing cluster bombs. So far we know there was one dead and several injured,” said the source. “All the men are Lebanese nationals.”  It was not clear how many people sustained injuries in the incident, although southern sources said three men were left in critical condition, with at least five fellow workers sustaining shrapnel wounds.  [Victim No.1], 20, from Maaroub, was identified as the deceased individual. He had been working for [Demining group] for three months in an area particularly heavily contaminated by Israeli munitions. An Israeli helicopter was shot down in Yater during the 33-day conflict.  [Victim No.1]’s colleagues [Victim No.2], [Victim No.3], [Victim No.4] and [Victim No.5] were identified as having been wounded.  2 [Name removed], former Lebanon country program manager for the [another demining NGO], said mine clearance workers operated amid the constant threat of death.  “[Demining group] is an upstanding organization, committed to good clearance. It’s always tragic when we hear that our fellow NGOs suffer such an accident,” [Name removed] said.  “[The Lebanese Army Mine Action Centre] will, I’m sure, conduct a thorough investigation. Accidents are very unfortunate. The fact that organizations are still working four years after contamination means these munitions are more combustible, more volatile and more dangerous to remove.”  Much of south Lebanon is still peppered with unexploded fragments of cluster bombs dropped by Israel during the last 72 hours of the 2006 conflict. The Israeli bombardment of south Lebanon saw more than 4 million high explosives dropped across fields, towns and roads, according to United Nations estimates. At least 40 percent of them failed to explode on impact, becoming de facto land mines.  [Victim No.1]’s death brings to 45 the number of people killed by leftover unexploded ordnance since 2006. – Additional reporting by [Name removed]  Read more: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=120804#ixzz13ROJ4lXx  (The Daily Star :: Lebanon News :: http://www.dailystar.com.lb)   Cluster bomb kills one, injures four in southern Lebanon  Oct 25, 2010, 16:43 GMT Beirut - A cluster bomb exploded Monday in southern Lebanon during a de-mining operation, killing one person and injuring four, according to a Lebanese security source.  The explosion took place as a team working for a Hezbollah-backed group, the [Dmeining group], were clearing a tobacco field in the southern village of Yater, the source said.   Victim Report Victim number: 898 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: DECEASED Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: FATAL COMMENT: No Medical report was made available. 3 Victim Report Victim number: 899 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: COMMENT: Fragmentation injuries. No Medical report was made available.  Victim Report Victim number: 900 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: COMMENT: Fragmentation injuries. No Medical report was made available.  Victim Report Victim number: 901 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: COMMENT: Fragmentation injuries. No Medical report was made available. Victim Report Victim number: 902 Name: [Name removed] Age:  Gender: Male Status: deminer  Fit for work: not known Compensation: Not made available Time to hospital: Not made available 4 Protection issued: Not recorded Protection used: Not recorded  Summary of injuries: COMMENT: Fragmentation injuries. No Medical report was made available.  Analysis The activity at the time of the accident is inferred from the injuries and the number of Victims. The primary cause of this accident is listed as a Field control inadequacy because safety distances were obviously ignored if five people were severely injured by a single device. The secondary cause is listed as Other because there is not enough information in the reports to determine what was happening at the time The Inadequate investigation listed under notes refers to the absence of a full accident report. The Lebanon MACC has failed to make these widely available for several years in contravention of the requirements of the IMAS.  This record will be revised if more information is made available.  5 