Blockchain technology is receiving greater attention for enhancing the security of patient records systems; however, it is not a panacea, as many security risks have been found in these healthcare applications. This study conducts a state-of-the-art analysis of emerging risks in blockchain-based patient health record systems, their severity level, impact, and the corresponding countermeasures against them. In addition, we conclude our observations and indicate how blockchain security vulnerabilities may develop in the future. This study aims to promote more research on blockchain security challenges by offering researchers insights into future security and privacy developments in blockchain-based patient health record systems
