Tohru Fukase

Yukari Nakamura

ナカムラ ユカリ

フカセ トオル

中村 有加里

深瀬 徹

Nakamura, Yukari

ナカムラ, ユカリ

Fukase, Tohru

フカセ, トオル

AROUS Academic Repository of Okayama University of Science / 岡山理科大学学術リポジトリ

- 42 -TAKASAKIReferencesEgi, H., Yamada, M., Tokuda, N. & Yamamoto, M. (2011) Records and distribution of the mammals in Okayama Prefecture. Bulletin of Okayama Prefectural Nature Conservation Center 18: 1-35 (in Japanese).Okayama Prefecture Wild Fauna and Flora Survey Study Group (2019) Okayama Prefecture Wild Fauna and Flora List 2019. Nature Environment Division, Envi-ronment and Culture Department, Okayama Prefecture (in Japanese).Takasaki, H. (2022) A Meles anakuma mother and two cubs appeared in an urban Okayama City area for three months in summer 2021. Naturalistae 26: 1-6.高崎浩幸：岡山市街地住宅でホンドテンをカメラトラップ初記録要約岡山市の市街地住宅（岡山市北区津島新野）でホンドテンをカメラトラップで初記録した．岡山大学津島キャンパスと岡山県立総合運動公園の間に位置し，テンの生息が容易に想定できる場所ではない．(Accepted 28 October 2021) Naturalistae 26: 43-45 (Feb. 2022) © 2022 by Okayama University of Science, PDF downloadable at http://www1.ous.ac.jp/garden/- 43 -　Short ReportA mesostigmatic mite, Dermanyssus species collected from a Pallas’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeusYukari NAKAMURA1* & Tohru FUKASE2 Abstract: Four adult female specimens of a mesostigmatic mite were collected from the body surface of a Pallas’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus, a species invasive to Japan, captured in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan in April 2019. Based on their morphology, the mites were identified as belonging to the genus Dermanyssus, probably being the poultry red mite D. gallinae. Twenty six other squirrels captured almost at the same time in the same area were also examined. Not one was infested by ecto-parasites. Infestation in the present case would not be prevalent. However, the possibility exists that the Pallas’s squirrels propagate the poultry red mites among chicken ranches.1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime-ken 794-8555, Japan. 岡山理科大学獣医学部獣医学科，〒794-8555 愛媛県今治市いこいの丘1-3．2. Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoi-no-oka, Imabari-shi, Ehime-ken 794-8555, Japan. 岡山理科大学獣医学部獣医学科疫学講座，〒794-8555 愛媛県今治市いこいの丘1-3．*Correspondence: Yukari NAKAMURA, Email: y-nakamura@vet.ous.ac.jpI. IntroductionThe Pallas’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus, a species of the family Sciuridae, was original-ly distributed in Southeast Asia from Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Meghalaya in northeastern India to Myanmar, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand, eastern Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, in addition to southeastern Chi-na, Hainan Island, and Taiwan. This species of squirrel has invaded some countries of the world as an alien invasive species (Lurz et al. 2013). In Japan, a subspecies of this squirrel, C. e. flavimanus (synonym: C. e. thaiwanensis which is a formerly used subspecies name in Japan), which is not native to Japan, has been populated in some areas such as Kanagawa and Shizuo-ka Prefectures (Tamura 2004, Suzuki & Torii 2016). Pallas’s squirrels cause such problems as peeling of bark, trespassing into houses, and mastication of electric wires as well as adverse-ly influencing native biogeocenosis (Tamura & Miyamoto 2005). Therefore, some municipalities are striving to capture all individuals of this alien squirrel species.We detected mites unexpectedly from the body surface of one Pallas’s squirrel specimen. As pre-sented herein, we describe and discuss infestation of the squirrels by mites.II. Case presentationThe Pallas’s squirrel on which mites were de-tected was one squirrel that had been captured as part of a capture policy against harmful mammals in Zushi-shi, a municipality located in a southern area of Kanagawa Prefecture, in April 2019. This squirrel was an adult female with 20 cm head and body length, 18 cm tail length, and 315 g body weight. Four mites were collected from the squirrel body surface.After the collected mites were fixed and pre-served in 70% (V/V) ethanol aqueous solution, they were dehydrated and then permeated with xylene to be observed morphologically under a light microscope (Fig. 1). The external morphol-ogy of the mites indicated 0.8–1.0 mm idiosoma length, 0.5–0.7 mm idiosoma width, rounded posterior part of the idiosoma, and elongated and stylet-like chelicerae. One pair of stigmata was observed around the coxae of legs II and III. Setae on the idiosoma formed rows. The dorsal plate on the dorsal side was an elongated penta-gon, the forward edge of which was angular. Its rear edge was narrow and almost linear. On the Fig. 1. Dermanyssus species (female, adult) collected from a Pallas’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus. Scale bar = 200 µm.- 44 -NAKAMURA & FUKASEventral side, the sternal plate was broad and bear-ing two pairs of sternal setae. The genitoventral plate was ligulate. The anal plate was broad and nearly triangular with forward and rear edges that were, respectively, linear and semicircular. The anus opened at the posterior part of anal shield. One of the four detected mites was observed to have sucked blood. From these morphological findings, the mites were identified as belonging to the genus Dermanyssus. They are particularly regarded as having morphological features cor-responding to those of the poultry red mite D. gallinae.The other 26 Pallas’s squirrels, which were captured in the same area at around the same time as the individual described above, were also examined for ectoparasites. Nevertheless, they were not found to be infested by any ectoparasite.III. DiscussionPoultry red mites are nocturnal: they parasitize their hosts to suck blood during darkness; they lurk in cracks and crevices behind something during other times (Knežević et al. 2017, Gay et al. 2020). It might not be reasonable that the mites were detected from the diuranal Pallas’s squirrel. This is because the squirrel probably had few opportunities to be infested by the nocturnal mites during the time period when the animal was active. Although it is difficult to provide a suffi-cient explanation for this finding, one hypothesis is that the squirrel of the present case might have been captured using a trap during nighttime when infested by the mites. Otherwise, the mites which infested the squirrel during the nighttime might not return to their hiding place because of the squirrel’s movement from place to place. In ad-dition, as populations of poultry red mites, which always exist on the chicken body surface, have been reported (Nakamae et al. 1997a, 1997b), the existence of the mites on the squirrel during the daytime cannot be denied.Many Dermanyssus mite species have been described (Roy & Chauve 2009). Of the mites of this genus, the poultry red mite D. gallinae has been mostly found with various species of birds and mammals, in addition to occurrence at chicken ranches (Pritchard et al. 2015). Howev-er, Dermanyssus mites have not been detected from Pallas’s squirrels through investigations conducted in Japan (Shinozaki et al. 2004) or in Argentina (Gozzi et al. 2013). The finding of the present case revealed that the Pallas’s squirrels can be a host of Dermanyssus mites.However, lack of detection of the mites in any of the other 26 Pallas’s squirrels indicates that the mite infestation is not rife in animals living in that area. Accordingly, infestation of the present case of the squirrel was not inferred as representing a prevalent condition.Although the place at which the squirrel of the present case had been infested by the mites was not certain, the possibility exists that the infes-tation occurred in a nearby chicken ranch if the squirrel had invaded such a structure. Another presumption is that animals such as the Pallas’s squirrel might facilitate the transfer of mites among chicken ranches.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mr. Akihito Nishida of Sanei Sho-doku Corporation for providing the squirrel specimens.ReferencesGay, M., Lempereur, L., Francis, F. & Megido, R. C. (2020) Control of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778) and other mites with volatile organic compounds, a review. Parasitology 147: 731-739.Gozzi, A. C., Guichón, M. L., Benitez, V. V. & Lareschi, M. (2013) Arthropod parasites of the red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus introduced into Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 27: 203-208.Knežević, S., Pajić, M., Petrović, A., Vidaković, S., Babić, J., Živkov-Baloš, M., Pušić, I., Savić, S. & Stojanov, I. (2017) Dermanyssus gallinae – overview: life cy-cle, morphology, prevalence and control measures in poultry farms. Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine 10: 53-62.Lurz, P. W. W., Hayssen, V., Geissler, K. & Bertolino, S. (2013) Callosciurus erythraeus (Rodentia: Sciuridae). Mammalian Species 45: 60-74.Nakamae, H., Fujisaki, K., Kishi, S., Yashiro, M., Oshiro, S. & Furuta, K. (1997a) The new parasitic ecology of chicken mites Dermanyssus gallinae, parasitizing and propagating on chickens even in the day time. Japanese Poultry Science 34: 110-116.Nakamae, H., Kishi, S., Fujisaki, K., Oshiro, S. & Furuta, K. (1997b) Incidence of the parasitism of chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae parasitizing and propagating on chicken even in the day time and their life cycle. Japanese Poultry Science 34: 240-247.Pritchard, J., Kuster, T., Sparagano, O. & Tomley, F. (2015) Understanding the biology and control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae: a review. Avian Pa-thology 44: 143-153.Roy, L. & Chauve, C. (2009) The genus Dermanyssus (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae): history and species characterization. In: Sabelis, M. W. & Bruin, J. (eds.), Trends in Acarology: Proceedings of the 12th Inter-national Congress, pp. 49-55, Springer Netherlands.Shinozaki, Y., Shiibashi, T., Yoshizawa, K., Murata, K., Kimura, J., Maruyama, S., Hayama, Y., Yoshida, H. & Nogami, S. (2004) Ectoparasites of the Pallas squirrel, - 44 -NAKAMURA & FUKASEventral side, the sternal plate was broad and bear-ing two pairs of sternal setae. The genitoventral plate was ligulate. The anal plate was broad and nearly triangular with forward and rear edges that were, respectively, linear and semicircular. The anus opened at the posterior part of anal shield. One of the four detected mites was observed to have sucked blood. From these morphological findings, the mites were identified as belonging to the genus Dermanyssus. They are particularly regarded as having morphological features cor-responding to those of the poultry red mite D. gallinae.The other 26 Pallas’s squirrels, which were captured in the same area at around the same time as the individual described above, were also examined for ectoparasites. Nevertheless, they were not found to be infested by any ectoparasite.III. DiscussionPoultry red mites are nocturnal: they parasitize their hosts to suck blood during darkness; they lurk in cracks and crevices behind something during other times (Knežević et al. 2017, Gay et al. 2020). It might not be reasonable that the mites were detected from the diuranal Pallas’s squirrel. This is because the squirrel probably had few opportunities to be infested by the nocturnal mites during the time period when the animal was active. Although it is difficult to provide a suffi-cient explanation for this finding, one hypothesis is that the squirrel of the present case might have been captured using a trap during nighttime when infested by the mites. Otherwise, the mites which infested the squirrel during the nighttime might not return to their hiding place because of the squirrel’s movement from place to place. In ad-dition, as populations of poultry red mites, which always exist on the chicken body surface, have been reported (Nakamae et al. 1997a, 1997b), the existence of the mites on the squirrel during the daytime cannot be denied.Many Dermanyssus mite species have been described (Roy & Chauve 2009). Of the mites of this genus, the poultry red mite D. gallinae has been mostly found with various species of birds and mammals, in addition to occurrence at chicken ranches (Pritchard et al. 2015). Howev-er, Dermanyssus mites have not been detected from Pallas’s squirrels through investigations conducted in Japan (Shinozaki et al. 2004) or in Argentina (Gozzi et al. 2013). The finding of the present case revealed that the Pallas’s squirrels can be a host of Dermanyssus mites.However, lack of detection of the mites in any of the other 26 Pallas’s squirrels indicates that the mite infestation is not rife in animals living in that area. Accordingly, infestation of the present case of the squirrel was not inferred as representing a prevalent condition.Although the place at which the squirrel of the present case had been infested by the mites was not certain, the possibility exists that the infes-tation occurred in a nearby chicken ranch if the squirrel had invaded such a structure. Another presumption is that animals such as the Pallas’s squirrel might facilitate the transfer of mites among chicken ranches.AcknowledgmentsWe thank Mr. Akihito Nishida of Sanei Sho-doku Corporation for providing the squirrel specimens.ReferencesGay, M., Lempereur, L., Francis, F. & Megido, R. C. (2020) Control of Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer 1778) and other mites with volatile organic compounds, a review. Parasitology 147: 731-739.Gozzi, A. C., Guichón, M. L., Benitez, V. V. & Lareschi, M. (2013) Arthropod parasites of the red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus introduced into Argentina. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 27: 203-208.Knežević, S., Pajić, M., Petrović, A., Vidaković, S., Babić, J., Živkov-Baloš, M., Pušić, I., Savić, S. & Stojanov, I. (2017) Dermanyssus gallinae – overview: life cy-cle, morphology, prevalence and control measures in poultry farms. Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine 10: 53-62.Lurz, P. W. W., Hayssen, V., Geissler, K. & Bertolino, S. (2013) Callosciurus erythraeus (Rodentia: Sciuridae). Mammalian Species 45: 60-74.Nakamae, H., Fujisaki, K., Kishi, S., Yashiro, M., Oshiro, S. & Furuta, K. (1997a) The new parasitic ecology of chicken mites Dermanyssus gallinae, parasitizing and propagating on chickens even in the day time. Japanese Poultry Science 34: 110-116.Nakamae, H., Kishi, S., Fujisaki, K., Oshiro, S. & Furuta, K. (1997b) Incidence of the parasitism of chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae parasitizing and propagating on chicken even in the day time and their life cycle. Japanese Poultry Science 34: 240-247.Pritchard, J., Kuster, T., Sparagano, O. & Tomley, F. (2015) Understanding the biology and control of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae: a review. Avian Pa-thology 44: 143-153.Roy, L. & Chauve, C. (2009) The genus Dermanyssus (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae): history and species characterization. In: Sabelis, M. W. & Bruin, J. (eds.), Trends in Acarology: Proceedings of the 12th Inter-national Congress, pp. 49-55, Springer Netherlands.Shinozaki, Y., Shiibashi, T., Yoshizawa, K., Murata, K., Kimura, J., Maruyama, S., Hayama, Y., Yoshida, H. & Nogami, S. (2004) Ectoparasites of the Pallas squirrel, - 45 -Dermanyssus mites from an alien squirrel(Accepted 13 December 2021) Callosciurus erythraeus, introduced to Japan. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 18: 61-63.Suzuki, K. K. & Torii, H. (2016) Range expansion of inva-sive Callosciurus squirrels in Hamamatsu City, Shi-zuoka Prefecture. Mammalian Science 56: 199-205.Tamura, N. (2004) Population dynamics and expansion of introduced Formosan squirrels in Kanagawa Prefec-ture, Japan. Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology 9: 37-44.Tamura, N. & Miyamoto, A. (2005) Countermeasures against expansion of the alien Formosan squirrel in Kanagawa. Natural History Report of Kanagawa 26: 57-60.中村有加里・深瀬徹：クリハラリスCallosciurus erythraeus から得たＤermanyssus 属ダニの一種要約2019年４月に神奈川県において捕獲されたクリハラリス１個体の体表からトゲダニ亜目の雌成ダニ４個体を採取した．その形態から，これらのダニはDermanyssus属のものと同定され，同属のダニの一種であるワクモD. gallinaeである可能性が高いと判断した．一方，同地域でほぼ同時期に捕獲されたクリハラリス26個体にはダニの寄生が認められなかったことから，本例における寄生は偶発的なものと推察した．ただし，偶発的とはいえ，クリハラリスが養鶏場間でワクモを伝播する可能性はあると考えた．

A mesostigmatic mite, Dermanyssus species collected from a Pallas’s squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus

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クリハラリス Callosciurus erythraeus カラ エタ Dermanyssusゾク ダニ ノ イッシュ

クリハラリス Callosciurus erythraeus カラエタ Dermanyssusゾクダニノイッシュ

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クリハラリス Callosciurus erythraeus カラ エタ Dermanyssusゾク ダニ ノ イッシュ

Abstract

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Full text

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AROUS Academic Repository of Okayama University of Science / 岡山理科大学学術リポジトリ

クリハラリス Callosciurus erythraeus カラエタ Dermanyssusゾクダニノイッシュ