New metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors is developed. Automatic diagnostic system capable of measuring the temperature of the porous bed metal hydride, pressure in metal hydride purification reac-tor, gas flow rate on the inlet and outlet of purification modules, the number of components of the gas mix-ture with a gas analyzer.
The estimations of hydrogen losses and purification capacity show certain advantages of the studied technology in comparison with PSA-like mode [1], especially from the point of view of operation regime simplification.
Experimental studies on the charge and discharge reactors RHO - 8 and RHO - 8I with pure hydrogen, to obtain data for verification of mathematical models [1, 2], and determine the effect of the configuration beds absorbing materials on the performance of the reactor.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3560

Blinov, D.V.

Borzenko, V.I.

Dunikov, D.O.

Malyshenko, S.P.

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  
NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES 
Vol. 2 No 3, 03AET05(4pp) (2013) 
 
 
2304-1862/2013/2(3)03AET05(4) 03AET05-1  2013 Sumy State University 
Developing New Solid-state Hydrogen Storage and Purification Reactors 
 
D.V. Blinov*, V.I. Borzenko†, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko 
 
Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, 13 Bd. 2, Izhorskaya str., 125412, Moscow, Russia 
 
(Received 19 May 2013; published online 30 August 2013) 
 
New metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors is developed. Automatic diagnostic system capable of 
measuring the temperature of the porous bed metal hydride, pressure in metal hydride purification reac-
tor, gas flow rate on the inlet and outlet of purification modules, the number of components of the gas mix-
ture with a gas analyzer. 
The estimations of hydrogen losses and purification capacity show certain advantages of the studied 
technology in comparison with PSA-like mode [1], especially from the point of view of operation regime 
simplification.  
Experimental studies on the charge and discharge reactors RHO - 8 and RHO - 8I with pure hydrogen, 
to obtain data for verification of mathematical models [1, 2], and determine the effect of the configuration 
beds absorbing materials on the performance of the reactor. 
 
Keywords: Hydrogen, Hydrogen storage, Purification, Metal hydrides, Intermetallide. 
 
 PACS numbers: 88.20.fn, 88.30.R 
 
 
                                                          
* deltaforces@mail.ru 
† h2lab@mail.ru 
1. INTRODUCTION 
 
Traditional for hydrogen storage (compressed gas 
and liquid) have numerous disadvantages making their 
use impossible in some cases [1]. 
Metal hydride hydrogen storage is free of these dis-
advantages [4]. 
For effective treatment of hydrogen by the usу of 
cyclic reactors [1] is a complicated problem having 
some disadvantages:  
 the need for big (bulky) valve assemblies; 
 the need to regulate the process of discharge of im-
purities from a free volume metal hydride reactors; 
 great loss of hydrogen (20%), depending on the re-
quired purity of the product [1]; 
 thermal losses due to cycling heating/cooling of the 
reactors. 
The method presented helps to simplify the tech-
nology of hydrogen purification, get rid of the cyclic 
removal of impurities from the free volume of reactor, 
thus reducing the amount of valves in the system and 
thereby reduce the capital cost of metal-hydride storage 
and purification systems. 
 
2. THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE AND THE 
OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION 
 
2.1 The experimental reactor 
 
In the laboratory of hydrogen energy technologies 
JIHT RAS has developed a new reactor with improved 
heat transfer characteristics RHO - 8 and its analogue 
research RHO - 8I (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), based on earlier 
created design solutions. [5] Work reactors implies the 
vertical position, as in the case of a previously created 
reactor RHOP - 1 [5]. 
The reactor RHO – 8I is a vertical cylinder which is 
placed inside the alloy LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 (Fig. 1, 2). Gas 
inlet at the top, output - from below of the reactor. To 
provide cooling of the reaction chamber of the reactor 
RHO-8, the inner tube is provided along the axis of the 
cartridge, providing heat transfer from the reaction 
zone hydrogen alloy. Presence the temperature sensors 
allows to get bed alloy temperature during the experi-
ment across reactor length. 
 
 
 
Fig. 1 – P-C-T diagram of the alloy compounds 
LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8.  
 
 
 
Fig. 2 – Photomicrograph of the alloy compounds 
LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 
 D.V. BLINOV, V.I. BORZENKO , D.O. DUNIKOV, S.P. MALYSHENKO PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013) 
 
 
03AET05-2 
 
 
Fig. 3 – Reactor RHO – 8I of hydrogen purification  by purg-
ing through metal hydride. 
 
Experimental reactor (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) was 
charged with 1000 g hydrogen absorbing material 
LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8. The choice of  LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 alloy 
is due to comparatively high mass content of  in hy-
dride  (~ 1,3 mass.%), high desorption pressure 
(Pdes= 0,45 ÷ 0,60 MPa) in the working temperature 
interval (80 ÷ 100°С) and resistance to CO2 admixtures. 
 
 
 
Fig. 4 – Reactor RHO-8 of hydrogen purification by purging 
through metal hydride. 
 
The reactor RHO -8 is ensured effective liquid cool-
ing not only internal but also external surface of the 
metal hydride cartridge using the scheme "pipe in pipe" 
(Fig. 4). The reactor has no temperature sensors inside 
the reactor. 
2.2 The experimental apparatus 
 
Experimental investigations of gaseous hydrogen 
[1] with a flow-type reactor were carried out at the ex-
perimental section (Fig. 5), a complex experimental 
stand at JIHT RAS, which consists of a ramp for the 
preparation of the gas mixture (1), of the investigated 
experimental reactor (2), a vacuum pump (3), the flow 
analyzer module (4), gas flow controllers (FR), valves 
(V), reducer (R) and pressure sensors (PS). 
 
 
 
Fig. 5 – Scheme of the experimental section: 1 - ramp for the 
preparation of the gas mixture, 2 - Experimental Reactor, 3 - 
vacuum pump, 4 - flow analyzer, R - reducer, PS - pressure 
gauge, V - valve,  FR -  regulator of the gas flow rate. 
 
2.3 The experimental technique  
 
Experimental investigation on pure hydrogen 
charging reactors RHO – 8I and RHO - 8 were carried 
to activate metal hydride alloys as well as for sorption 
and temperature dependences of the new reactors. 
Charging reactors was carried out as follows. Pure 
hydrogen was fed through the upper pipe (valve V1 is 
opened) (Pin = 0,5 MPa, see Fig. 6). The flow at the inlet 
and outlet was limited by flow controller (Fig. 7). Out of 
the reactor (the valve V2) is closed. 
 
 
 
Fig. 6 – The absolute pressure while charging: PSin - input 
pressure set, PS1 - pressure before the reactor inlet, PS2 - 
pressure at the reactor outlet. 
 DEVELOPING NEW SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE… PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013) 
 
 
03AET05-3 
 
 
Fig. 7 – Flow rate pure hydrogen at the reactor RHO -8I inlet 
while charging. 1 – flow rate, 2 – setpoint. 
 
When the maximum capacity (~ 120 st.l. ) of a reac-
tor valve V1 is closed. In the experiment, data were 
obtained by the pressure before and after the reactor 
and the temperature dependence within the reactor. 
(Fig. 6 and Fig. 8). 
 
 
 
Fig. 8 – The temperature inside the reactor 
 
By analogy with the previous experiment, the reac-
tor RHO – 8 was investigated (Fig. 10 and Fig. 10). 
 
 
 
Fig. 9 – Flow rate pure hydrogen at the reactor RHO -8 inlet 
while charging. 1 – flow rate, 2 – setpoint. 
 
 
Fig. 10 – Coolant temperature: 1 - water temperature at the 
reactor inlet, 2 - the water temperature at the reactor outlet. 
 
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  
 
One of the main characteristics of MH devices is the 
dynamics of hydrogen sorption i.e., the dependence of 
the hydrogen content (weight or volume) in metal hy-
drides on time (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).  
 
 
 
Fig. 11 – Dynamics of hydrogen sorption in the reactor RHO – 8I. 
 
 
 
Fig. 12 – Dynamics of hydrogen sorption in the reactor RHO -8. 
 
The data show that the developed reactors RCS and 
RCS-8I-8 showed greatly higher rates of charge / dis-
charge as compared with the analogues on the market 
[6, 7]. 
The obtained characteristics filling dynamics devel-
oped reactors (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12) allow the conclusion 
that the reactor RHO - 8 provide the most efficient cool-
ing of the surface metal hydride cartridge than the re-
actor RHO-8I. 
 D.V. BLINOV, V.I. BORZENKO , D.O. DUNIKOV, S.P. MALYSHENKO PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013) 
 
 
03AET05-4 
4. CONCLUSION  
 
1. Reactor optimization on the base of developed 3D 
heat and mass transfer model was carried out and new 
types of reactors with enhanced thermal characteristics 
were created. 
2. The developed the new experimental reactors for 
purging method showed good performance and perspec-
tive of the method usage for hydrogen purification by 
purging through the metal hydride bed.  
3. The conducted experimental investigations 
demonstrated high efficiency of the new reactors, which 
allows us to recommend this type of reactor to be used 
in a subsystem of hydrogen storage and purification [4].  
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
 
Authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education 
and Science of the Russian Federation for its financial 
support for research, V.D. Zhemerikin for an assistance 
in the experimental studies, S.V. Mitrokhin for develop-
ing hydrogen storage materials, I.A. Romanov for provid-
ing experimental data on the properties of hydrogen 
storage materials, B.P.Tarasov for providing materials 
on effects of impurities on the intermetallic alloys. 
 
 
 
 
 
REFERENCES 
 
1. Artemov V.I., Minko K. B., Yankov G.G. The numerical 
modeling of processes heat and mass transfer in systems of 
solid hydrogen storage // (National Conference on "Improv-
ing the efficiency, reliability and safety of power equip-
ment thermal and nuclear power plants": Abstracts, Pub-
lishing House of MPEI, 2012). 
2. D.V. Blinov, V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov. Balance model of 
a metal hydride reactor / / Thermal processes in engineer-
ing. (2013) (in press). 
3. Atomic –hydrogen energy and technology. (Vol.8. Ener-
goatomizdat, 1988), (in Russ). 
4. V.I. Borzenko, D.V. Blinov, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshen-
ko Reversible Solid State Hydrogen Storage System Inte-
grated with PEM Fuel Cell. (18th World Hydrogen Energy 
Conference 2010, CD, Essen, Germany, 2010). 
5. V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko  Metal hy-
dride hydrogen storage cartridge. (Patent of Russian Fed-
eration number 80702, 2008). 
6. D.V. Blinov, V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko 
Hydrogen purification by purging method through metal 
hydride, Vestnik MPEI, №2, 44 (2012). 
7. Hydrogen energy storage system based on metal-hydride 
technology for stand-alone power plants that use renewable 
energy sources: research report (final)], 176 (2012) (in Rus-
sia). 
 


English

Developing New Solid-state Hydrogen Storage and Purification Reactors

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES Vol. 2 No 3, 03AET05(4pp) (2013)   2304-1862/2013/2(3)03AET05(4) 03AET05-1  2013 Sumy State University Developing New Solid-state Hydrogen Storage and Purification Reactors  D.V. Blinov*, V.I. Borzenko†, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko  Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS, 13 Bd. 2, Izhorskaya str., 125412, Moscow, Russia  (Received 19 May 2013; published online 30 August 2013)  New metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors is developed. Automatic diagnostic system capable of measuring the temperature of the porous bed metal hydride, pressure in metal hydride purification reac-tor, gas flow rate on the inlet and outlet of purification modules, the number of components of the gas mix-ture with a gas analyzer. The estimations of hydrogen losses and purification capacity show certain advantages of the studied technology in comparison with PSA-like mode [1], especially from the point of view of operation regime simplification.  Experimental studies on the charge and discharge reactors RHO - 8 and RHO - 8I with pure hydrogen, to obtain data for verification of mathematical models [1, 2], and determine the effect of the configuration beds absorbing materials on the performance of the reactor.  Keywords: Hydrogen, Hydrogen storage, Purification, Metal hydrides, Intermetallide.   PACS numbers: 88.20.fn, 88.30.R                                                             * deltaforces@mail.ru † h2lab@mail.ru 1. INTRODUCTION  Traditional for hydrogen storage (compressed gas and liquid) have numerous disadvantages making their use impossible in some cases [1]. Metal hydride hydrogen storage is free of these dis-advantages [4]. For effective treatment of hydrogen by the usу of cyclic reactors [1] is a complicated problem having some disadvantages:   the need for big (bulky) valve assemblies;  the need to regulate the process of discharge of im-purities from a free volume metal hydride reactors;  great loss of hydrogen (20%), depending on the re-quired purity of the product [1];  thermal losses due to cycling heating/cooling of the reactors. The method presented helps to simplify the tech-nology of hydrogen purification, get rid of the cyclic removal of impurities from the free volume of reactor, thus reducing the amount of valves in the system and thereby reduce the capital cost of metal-hydride storage and purification systems.  2. THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE AND THE OBJECT OF INVESTIGATION  2.1 The experimental reactor  In the laboratory of hydrogen energy technologies JIHT RAS has developed a new reactor with improved heat transfer characteristics RHO - 8 and its analogue research RHO - 8I (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), based on earlier created design solutions. [5] Work reactors implies the vertical position, as in the case of a previously created reactor RHOP - 1 [5]. The reactor RHO – 8I is a vertical cylinder which is placed inside the alloy LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 (Fig. 1, 2). Gas inlet at the top, output - from below of the reactor. To provide cooling of the reaction chamber of the reactor RHO-8, the inner tube is provided along the axis of the cartridge, providing heat transfer from the reaction zone hydrogen alloy. Presence the temperature sensors allows to get bed alloy temperature during the experi-ment across reactor length.    Fig. 1 – P-C-T diagram of the alloy compounds LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8.     Fig. 2 – Photomicrograph of the alloy compounds LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8  D.V. BLINOV, V.I. BORZENKO , D.O. DUNIKOV, S.P. MALYSHENKO PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013)   03AET05-2   Fig. 3 – Reactor RHO – 8I of hydrogen purification  by purg-ing through metal hydride.  Experimental reactor (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) was charged with 1000 g hydrogen absorbing material LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8. The choice of  LaFe0.1Mn0.3Ni4.8 alloy is due to comparatively high mass content of  in hy-dride  (~ 1,3 mass.%), high desorption pressure (Pdes= 0,45 ÷ 0,60 MPa) in the working temperature interval (80 ÷ 100°С) and resistance to CO2 admixtures.    Fig. 4 – Reactor RHO-8 of hydrogen purification by purging through metal hydride.  The reactor RHO -8 is ensured effective liquid cool-ing not only internal but also external surface of the metal hydride cartridge using the scheme "pipe in pipe" (Fig. 4). The reactor has no temperature sensors inside the reactor. 2.2 The experimental apparatus  Experimental investigations of gaseous hydrogen [1] with a flow-type reactor were carried out at the ex-perimental section (Fig. 5), a complex experimental stand at JIHT RAS, which consists of a ramp for the preparation of the gas mixture (1), of the investigated experimental reactor (2), a vacuum pump (3), the flow analyzer module (4), gas flow controllers (FR), valves (V), reducer (R) and pressure sensors (PS).    Fig. 5 – Scheme of the experimental section: 1 - ramp for the preparation of the gas mixture, 2 - Experimental Reactor, 3 - vacuum pump, 4 - flow analyzer, R - reducer, PS - pressure gauge, V - valve,  FR -  regulator of the gas flow rate.  2.3 The experimental technique   Experimental investigation on pure hydrogen charging reactors RHO – 8I and RHO - 8 were carried to activate metal hydride alloys as well as for sorption and temperature dependences of the new reactors. Charging reactors was carried out as follows. Pure hydrogen was fed through the upper pipe (valve V1 is opened) (Pin = 0,5 MPa, see Fig. 6). The flow at the inlet and outlet was limited by flow controller (Fig. 7). Out of the reactor (the valve V2) is closed.    Fig. 6 – The absolute pressure while charging: PSin - input pressure set, PS1 - pressure before the reactor inlet, PS2 - pressure at the reactor outlet.  DEVELOPING NEW SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE… PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013)   03AET05-3   Fig. 7 – Flow rate pure hydrogen at the reactor RHO -8I inlet while charging. 1 – flow rate, 2 – setpoint.  When the maximum capacity (~ 120 st.l. ) of a reac-tor valve V1 is closed. In the experiment, data were obtained by the pressure before and after the reactor and the temperature dependence within the reactor. (Fig. 6 and Fig. 8).    Fig. 8 – The temperature inside the reactor  By analogy with the previous experiment, the reac-tor RHO – 8 was investigated (Fig. 10 and Fig. 10).    Fig. 9 – Flow rate pure hydrogen at the reactor RHO -8 inlet while charging. 1 – flow rate, 2 – setpoint.   Fig. 10 – Coolant temperature: 1 - water temperature at the reactor inlet, 2 - the water temperature at the reactor outlet.  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION   One of the main characteristics of MH devices is the dynamics of hydrogen sorption i.e., the dependence of the hydrogen content (weight or volume) in metal hy-drides on time (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12).     Fig. 11 – Dynamics of hydrogen sorption in the reactor RHO – 8I.    Fig. 12 – Dynamics of hydrogen sorption in the reactor RHO -8.  The data show that the developed reactors RCS and RCS-8I-8 showed greatly higher rates of charge / dis-charge as compared with the analogues on the market [6, 7]. The obtained characteristics filling dynamics devel-oped reactors (Fig. 11 and Fig. 12) allow the conclusion that the reactor RHO - 8 provide the most efficient cool-ing of the surface metal hydride cartridge than the re-actor RHO-8I.  D.V. BLINOV, V.I. BORZENKO , D.O. DUNIKOV, S.P. MALYSHENKO PROC. NAP 2, 03AET05 (2013)   03AET05-4 4. CONCLUSION   1. Reactor optimization on the base of developed 3D heat and mass transfer model was carried out and new types of reactors with enhanced thermal characteristics were created. 2. The developed the new experimental reactors for purging method showed good performance and perspec-tive of the method usage for hydrogen purification by purging through the metal hydride bed.  3. The conducted experimental investigations demonstrated high efficiency of the new reactors, which allows us to recommend this type of reactor to be used in a subsystem of hydrogen storage and purification [4].  AKNOWLEDGEMENTS  Authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for its financial support for research, V.D. Zhemerikin for an assistance in the experimental studies, S.V. Mitrokhin for develop-ing hydrogen storage materials, I.A. Romanov for provid-ing experimental data on the properties of hydrogen storage materials, B.P.Tarasov for providing materials on effects of impurities on the intermetallic alloys.      REFERENCES  1. Artemov V.I., Minko K. B., Yankov G.G. The numerical modeling of processes heat and mass transfer in systems of solid hydrogen storage // (National Conference on "Improv-ing the efficiency, reliability and safety of power equip-ment thermal and nuclear power plants": Abstracts, Pub-lishing House of MPEI, 2012). 2. D.V. Blinov, V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov. Balance model of a metal hydride reactor / / Thermal processes in engineer-ing. (2013) (in press). 3. Atomic –hydrogen energy and technology. (Vol.8. Ener-goatomizdat, 1988), (in Russ). 4. V.I. Borzenko, D.V. Blinov, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshen-ko Reversible Solid State Hydrogen Storage System Inte-grated with PEM Fuel Cell. (18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010, CD, Essen, Germany, 2010). 5. V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko  Metal hy-dride hydrogen storage cartridge. (Patent of Russian Fed-eration number 80702, 2008). 6. D.V. Blinov, V.I. Borzenko, D.O. Dunikov, S.P. Malyshenko Hydrogen purification by purging method through metal hydride, Vestnik MPEI, №2, 44 (2012). 7. Hydrogen energy storage system based on metal-hydride technology for stand-alone power plants that use renewable energy sources: research report (final)], 176 (2012) (in Rus-sia).  

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Developing New Solid-state Hydrogen Storage and Purification Reactors

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