Reconstruction of the changing environmental context of the human settlement of the Maltese Islands has been a major focus of the FRAGSUS Project and readers are referred to the first publication in this series for the full details, against which the evidence presented here can be read (Volume 1, Chapters 2-5 & 11). It is important to note from the outset that much evidence confirms that certain aspects of the environment - particularly soil properties, levels of vegetation cover and surface water - changed considerably during prehistory and indeed subsequently (Fig. 9.1)