Tanzania is the major sunflower producer in the East Africa region. It has a market dominance of
78%, followed by Uganda (21%). It is an important cash crop in Tanzania and has been attributed to
the low cost of production relative to other oilseeds. Moreover, sunflower accounts for 35% of
oilseeds produced in the United Republic of Tanzania. Sunflower variety grown in Tanzania has been
characterized as resistant to drought conditions and low susceptibility to diseases and pests.
Sunflower grows well in semi-arid central plateau regions (Singida, Iringa, Dodoma, Njombe and
Rukwa), lake region (Mwanza, Kigoma, Mara, Kagera, Geita, Shinyanga, Simiyu), and eastern region
(Mtwara, Lindi, Morogoro) of Tanzania. For instance, sunflower is the second most popular crop
after maize in Dodoma and Singida, and the latter region produces about 20% of the cash crop. In
addition, commercial sunflower is produced by 75% of the households in Singida, and the land
allocated is estimated to be 23,4149 hectares. Central regions like Dodoma, Njombe and Rukwa
have collectively allocated more than 84,000 hectare

Demissie, Teferi D

Recha, John WM

CGSpace

 11     Training on Climate-Smart Agriculture for Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania  John Recha | Teferi Demissie Workshop Report       Training on Climate-Smart Agriculture for Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania   Workshop Report     Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA)       May 2023     John Recha Teferi Demissie       To cite this workshop report  Recha J, Demissie T.  2023. Training on Climate Smart Agriculture for Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania. Workshop Report. Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research in Africa (AICCRA).       About AICCRA reports  Titles in this series aim to disseminate interim climate change, agriculture, and food security research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community.   About AICCRA  The Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank.   Contact us  Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA). Email: aiccra@cgiar.org                                  Disclaimer: This workshop report has not been peer-reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or opinions of AICCRA, donor agencies, or partners. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without the written permission of the source.     This workshop report is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial 4.0 International License.   © 2023 Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA).     Acknowledgments   The Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project is supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank. IDA helps the world’s poorest countries by providing grants and low to zero-interest loans for projects and programs that boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve poor people’s lives. IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 76 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa. Annual IDA commitments have averaged about $21 billion over circa 2017-2020, with approximately 61 percent going to Africa.                       About the authors   John Recha (J.Recha@cgiar.org) is a Climate-Smart Agriculture Policy Scientist, AICCRA Eastern and Southern Africa at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Teferi Demissie (T.Demissie@cgiar.org) Senior Climate Scientist and Modeler at AICCRA Eastern and Southern Africa at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).   1. Introduction  Tanzania is the major sunflower producer in the East Africa region. It has a market dominance of 78%, followed by Uganda (21%). It is an important cash crop in Tanzania and has been attributed to the low cost of production relative to other oilseeds. Moreover, sunflower accounts for 35% of oilseeds produced in the United Republic of Tanzania. Sunflower variety grown in Tanzania has been characterized as resistant to drought conditions and low susceptibility to diseases and pests. Sunflower grows well in semi-arid central plateau regions (Singida, Iringa, Dodoma, Njombe and Rukwa), lake region (Mwanza, Kigoma, Mara, Kagera, Geita, Shinyanga, Simiyu), and eastern region (Mtwara, Lindi, Morogoro) of Tanzania. For instance, sunflower is the second most popular crop after maize in Dodoma and Singida, and the latter region produces about 20% of the cash crop. In addition, commercial sunflower is produced by 75% of the households in Singida, and the land allocated is estimated to be 23,4149 hectares. Central regions like Dodoma, Njombe and Rukwa have collectively allocated more than 84,000 hectares. However, several limitations prevent achieving optimum sunflower yields, such as insufficient support from climate extension services, ineffective farming techniques, low sale prices at the farm level, competition from imported edible oil, insufficient processing infrastructure, inadequate technological advancements, and limited access to financial and lending facilities.  Despite the relatively good production and business environment for producing sunflower, Tanzania remains a net importer of edible cooking oil. The sunflower oil produced by local processors only meets 40% of the national cooking oil requirements (Zhihua Zeng, 2017).  To improve sunflower productivity in Tanzania, the Climate Resilient Agribusiness for Tomorrow (https://crafteastafrica.org/) project has been working with the value chain actors since 2019 to empower them. Given this training workshop for sunflower value chain actors was held on  29th and 30th May 2023 in Morogoro and involved government administrators, policymakers and the media (https://www.youtube.com/live/6AW0Zov_9yk?feature=share). The training involved: • How is climate likely to change in the future in the sunflower growing areas? • How does climate change in suitable areas for production impact sunflower crop yield, quality, and value chain actors? • Adaptation strategies currently in use to deal with climate change in business cases • Other strategies needed to be better prepared for changes in the future • Opportunities and barriers to scale up sunflower production in Tanzania • Government policies related to sunflower production and policy influencing strategies     2. Climate change projections for Sunflower Production in Tanzania   2.1 Past trends in temperature The temperature trend (from 1961-2005) for both the short (October, November, December) and long rain season (March, April, May) show that temperature in Tanzania has been increasing for the past few decades by more than 0.5°C (Figure 1). In particular, the temperature trend in the short rainy season has increased by 1°C - 1.3°Celcius, over the country’s central, north-western, western, and south-western parts. 2.2. Temperature change in future During both the short and long rainy seasons, the projection model for mid-century (2050s) shows a temperature rise of about 2.8°C and 2.5°C for western and eastern parts of Tanzania, respectively. (Figure 2). The rate of warming in Tanzania is such that temperature over the western part rises greater than the east by about 0.3°C. Temperatures in the southern highlands and central corridor would also increase but less than in the furthest western part of the country. 2.3 Precipitation change in future The seasonal mean rainfall in both the short and long rainy seasons is projected to increase in northern Tanzania by as much as 20-30% by mid-century (Figure 3). In the country’s central, southern and eastern portions, the seasonal mean rainfall is also expected to increase slightly by up to 10%, especially in the long rainy season. Similarly, northern Tanzania’s longest consecutive wet days increase by about one day. However, the rest of the country will experience a decrease in the length of the longest wet spell. In the northern part of the country, the increase in the seasonal mean rainfall accompanied by an increase in the number of consecutive wet days could translate into enhanced extreme rainfall.      a)  b)   Figure 1: Historic seasonal temperature trend from 1961 to 2005 (a) of sunflower growing regions in Tanzania (b).  a)  b)  c)  Figure 2: Future scenario of seasonal temperature (November, December, January, February, March, April) increase in 2030 (a) and 2050 (c) in business as usual region (b). +2.+2.  2.4 Drought The projection of the longest consecutive dry days (CDD) shows that dry spells will last longer for mid-and-end of the century for most of Tanzania, with much longer dry spells projected (by about five days) over central, western and southern parts of the country. However, the CDD decreases (by about one day) in the northern and northeastern parts of the country. The projected increase in CDD in most parts of the country in both rainy seasons, along with a decrease in wet spells and seasonal rainfall, could lead to a high incidence of drought, significantly impacting rainfed agriculture. In summary, during both the short (OND) and long (MAM) rainy seasons, the model projections for the 2050s show that temperature is expected to rise in all parts of Tanzania, ranging from 2.0°C to 2.8°C. A likelihood of more dry spells with more incidences of agricultural drought is expected over most parts of Tanzania by the 2050s. 2.5 Climate change impact Climate change will likely erode existing opportunities for yield increases in sunflower seeds considerably. Figure 6 (Baseline) shows that farmers can achieve yields of between 3 – 4 tonnes per hectare under current climatic conditions by applying optimum nutrient, pest and disease management options. However, Figure 6 also shows the result of a modeling study (RCP 8.5) indicating that by the 2050s, farmers are unlikely to achieve yields of more than 2.6 tonnes per hectare even under optimum nutrient management conditions and biotic control. Further yield increases will have to be achieved by adopting improved sunflower varieties and applying irrigation.   a)  b)  c)  Figure 3: Sunflower growing region in Tanzania (a), future seasonal rainfall distribution in 2030 (b) and future seasonal rainfall distribution in 2050 (c) for the months of November, December, January, February, March and April.  3. Climate Smart Agriculture Practices and Technologies for Sunflower  Based on insights into climate change projections and participants’ adaptive capacity, different CSA practices and technologies were discussed and found appropriate for future climate conditions. • Boreholes for irrigation. • Drip irrigation (male, female farmers, processors). • Improved farming practices (plowing, weeding). • Improved seeds (drought tolerant, shorter growing cycle (agro-dealers, processors). • Use of improved post-harvest handling practices for harvesting, threshing, winnowing, transportation, packaging, storage and processing.   • Diversifying income-generating activities (agro-dealers).  The CSA practices with potential benefits for the entire value chain were further explored from a business perspective. Climate-smart business ideas were discussed to address climate-related risks and improve the value chain’s viability. The climate-smart business ideas addressing high-medium climate change risks that were mentioned include the use of boreholes for irrigation for SHF who live away from water bodies, capacity-building training events including Farmer Field Days of SHFs, use of improved seeds, and appropriate mechanization like the use of plowing equipment.              Annex 1: Training Workshop Programme  Tanzania Sunflower Climate Changes Risks Assessment Workshop Programme Venue: Antique Hotel-Morogoro Dates: 29th and 30th May 2023 TIME ACTIVITY LEAD DAY ONE  Moderator: Godfrey 08:00 – 09:30 Registration CRAFT 09:30 – 10:00 Introductions, agenda setting & ground rules Godfrey Kabuka 10:00 – 10:15 Welcome remarks & CRAFT Overview Menno – Project Manager 10:15 – 10:40 Opening remarks by the GoH Regional Administrative Secretary -Morogoro 10:40 – 11:10 What is climate change, and how do we know that climate is changing  John Recha- ILRI 11.00 – 11.30 Tea Break  11:30 – 13:00 How is climate likely to change in the future in the sunflower growing areas? Presentation on: • Temperature, precipitation, drought/ floods, start /length of growing season, extremes (drought/ flood) Probing questions to check to what extent these changes are already happening John Recha - ILRI 13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break  14:00 – 15:00 Presentation on how crop yield/quality and VC actors are impacted by climate change (Sunflower) and suitable areas for production (Sunflower)  • How is climate change expected to affect sunflower yield?  • How will climate change affect other value chain actors and activities? What are suitable areas for sunflowers in the future?  John Recha - ILRI 15:00 – 17.15  Group discussions on i) adaptation strategies currently in use to deal with climate change in the business cases, ii) other strategies needed to be better prepared for changes in the future, and iii) opportunities and barriers to strategy implementation (Sunflower) John Recha - ILRI   17:15 – 17:30 Evening Tea-end of Day one ALL DAY TWO Potato climate change policy work Moderator: Godfrey 08:30 – 09:00 Recap of day one CRAFT-RAPHAEL 09.00 – to 10.00 Group presentation and plenary:  • Adaptation strategies currently used and those that will be used in the future due to climate change,  • Opportunities, and  Barriers to strategy implementation (Sunflower) All    10.00 – 10.30  Government Policy on CSA/Sunflower  Opportunities & barriers to CSA implementation in Sunflower sub-sector  Godfrey- Godfrey  (PO-LARG/MoA)    10:30 – 11:00 Tea Break  11:00-11:25 Overview of the oil sector and sunflower sub-sector Frank-TARI 11:25 – 13:00 Next steps - Ideas on how to address the identified opportunities and barriers to strategy implementation (Sunflower): Introduction to group work  Group work (Divided as SHF, BCs, Regional, National, SPs and NGOs) John Recha – ILRI     All (categorized) 13:00 – 14:00 Lunch  ALL 14:00-14:50 Presentation of group work. Plenary discussion on the next steps All John Recha - ILRI 14:50-15:25 15:25-15:35 GCF overview and involvement of CRDB Q&A CRDB 15:35-16:00 Evidently/Profitable CS practices/Technologies and GM analysis of sunflower VC in Tanzania Advisors/Emmanuel 16:00-16:10 Way forward  CRAFT (Godfrey) 16:10-16:20 Closing remarks & Group photo Menno & Government official 16:20-16:40 Evening Tea and Departure ALL          Annex 2: Participant List AICCRA TANZANIA CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE WORKSHOP FOR SUNFLOWER VALUE CHAIN No. Name  Gender Institution 1 Cuthbert Mwinuka Male DISTRICT COSS CHUNYA 2 Bernard Libata Male RS-MBEYA 3 Tumaini Elibariki Male FARM AFRICA 4 John Julius Male TEMNAR 5 Homphrey Emmanuel Male AYEGRO 6 Stephen Henry Male SUFA 7 Abdulaziz Mkwizu Male FORUMCC 8 Adelaida Tillya Female TASPA 9 Habiba Mtongori Female TMA 10 Rajabu Seif Msaga Male TEMNAR 11 Udifasse C. Yakisola Male KHEBHNDZA 12 Fidea luka Millanzi Female TEMNAR 13 Semen John Mwamlenga Male MPUI SACCOS LTD 14 Condrad Ally Male MPUI SACCOS LTD 15 Gindu Muya Female MOA 16 Phoebe Nhonya Female FARMER 17 Veronica Myovela Female MPUI SACCOS LTD 18 Salumu Saleh Hontoa Male MWENLE FUN FLOWERS 19 Magreth Kaimuka Female KMC 20 Samuel Majohya Male FARMER 21 Rehema C Ally Female FARMER 22 Maria O. Leshalu Female MPWAPWA 23 Helen Daniel Female KSR 24 Ruthu F. Njamasi Female MPWAPWA 25 Stephano A. Aggrey Male KMC 26 Shany Nuoma Female KMC 27 Bazilio Juluis Male NONDO 28 Tahsi Seleaani Female NONDO 29 Hadija Mabothi Kapiunga Female NONDO 30 Kazungu Peter Male WFP/FCMA 31 Vicky Sidney Peter Msamba Female AMDT 32 Evelyn Kagoma Female MOA 33 Apolonia Agaptus Female VPO 34 Witnesspeacequeen Kundi Female TARI 35 Faidha Salum Female MWENGE 36 Seif Sida Male MWENGE 37 Balbina Richard Paul Female TEMNAR 38 Bernard Abraham Male DODOMA RS 39 Frank Uomloa Male  40 Rajabus Mpoudi Male  41 Allan Ngakonda Male RUDI   42 Linus Kahendaguza Male PO-RALG 43 Methuseua M. Msanja Male PO-RALG 44 Pashal L. Tekui Male CONSULTANT SOIL ANALYSTS 45 Msafifu Mtupili Male TMA 46 Fidelis Ramoyo Male NOUDO INDUSTRY CO LTD 47 Sophia Kesy Female SNV 48 Emmanuel Nkenja Male SNV 49 Medavia Loveta Bernard Male KSR 50 Lucas Nachota Male KSR 51 Faraja Mwakajoka Male MPUI SACCOS LTD 52 Helen Daniel Female KSR 53 Khadija Yahya Female ASA 54 Edward Mbugu Male ASA 55 Nicholaus King Male WASAFI MEDIA 56 Emmanuel Mwakatobe Male TOSCI 57 Lawimce Rusole Male DMA LTD 58 Euphrasia Shayo Female ENVIROCARE 59 Lusayo Ukuku Male MA/WPP 60 Raymond Lyimo Male AGRITERA 61 Erica Francis Female GUARDIAN 62 Saukuru Materu Female ITV 63 Yamagaji Ddudi Male BYTRADE 64 John Recha Male ILRI 65 Benjamin Gerald Male SNV 66 Rey Buko Male SNV                     Annex 2: Participant List               About AICCRA   Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) is a project that helps deliver a climate-smart African future driven by science and innovation in agriculture.  It is led by the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT and supported by a grant from the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank.   Discover more at aiccra.cgiar.org  

Training on Climate-Smart Agriculture for Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/131161/1/Tanzania%20CSA-workshop%20_for%20AICCRA%20reporting.pdf

Training on Climate-Smart Agriculture for Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

CGSpace