Citizenship is a universal legal concept and norm. But its meaning and
impact differ. Its codification and implementation are shaped by historical trajec-
tories, political systems and state/government relations with members of society.
State policy affects perceptions of citizenship and civic behaviour by those gov-
erned. This paper engages with current challenges relating to citizenship in
Africa South of the Sahara. It centres on academic and policy discussions on citi-
zenship but also draws on media reports and secondary literature to explore
whether promoting and embracing a positive notion of citizenship can be an oppor-
tunity for states and governments as well as citizens. Could civic education be con-
sidered a worthwhile investment in social stability and a shared identification with
the common good? We conclude by making a case for a social contract, which
reconciles particularistic identities (such as ethnicity) with citizenship and govern-
ance under the rule of law as an investment into enhanced trust in a citizen-state
relationship.https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sfds20hj2023Political Science
