The aim of this study has been to assess the interrelationships of the various biological and economical factors involved in the apple tree and orchard. It has involved a systems approach to the efficiency of the apple tree as an economic unit.
To understand these interactions, a monitoring approach was used in the three main New Zealand pip fruit districts: Hawkes Bay, Nelson, and Canterbury. Five properties in each district and five Royal Gala or Gala trees on each property were used
