Chen, Haojun

Shi, Kuangyu

Song, Shaoli

Wei, Weijun

Yu, Fei

English

Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)

Frontiers in ImmunologyOPEN ACCESSEDITED AND REVIEWED BYWeiyu Chen,Zhejiang University, China*CORRESPONDENCEFei Yuyufei_021@163.comRECEIVED 05 June 2023ACCEPTED 13 June 2023PUBLISHED 20 June 2023CITATIONYu F, Shi K, Song S, Chen H and Wei W(2023) Editorial: Ionizing radiationreprograms tumor immunemicroenvironment by inducingimmunogenic cell death.Front. Immunol. 14:1235024.doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235024COPYRIGHT© 2023 Yu, Shi, Song, Chen and Wei. This isan open-access article distributed under theterms of the Creative Commons AttributionLicense (CC BY). The use, distribution orreproduction in other forums is permitted,provided the original author(s) and thecopyright owner(s) are credited and thatthe original publication in this journal iscited, in accordance with acceptedacademic practice. No use, distribution orreproduction is permitted which does notcomply with these terms.TYPE EditorialPUBLISHED 20 June 2023DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235024Editorial: Ionizing radiationreprograms tumor immunemicroenvironment by inducingimmunogenic cell deathFei Yu1,2*, Kuangyu Shi3,4, Shaoli Song5,6, Haojun Chen7and Weijun Wei81Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School ofMedicine, Shanghai, China, 2Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai, China, 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University ofBern, Bern, Switzerland, 4Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Institute ofInformatics I16, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 5Department of Nuclear Medicine,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, 6Shanghai Engineering Research Centerof Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai, China, 7Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PETCenter, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 8Department of NuclearMedicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Schoolof Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaKEYWORDSionizing radiation, tumor immune microenvironment, immunogenic cell death,immunotharapy, biomarkerEditorial on the Research TopicIonizing radiation reprograms tumor immune microenvironment byinducing immunogenic cell deathInternal irradiation (IRT) and external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) are two types ofradiotherapy that use radiation beams like X-rays, gamma rays, or gamma rays to killcancer cells directly and alter the tumor immunological microenvironment. Studies havecurrently shown a connection between radiotherapy and the tumor immunemicroenvironment, but further research is still required. In order to improve the efficacyof treatment, more information regarding the underlying mechanisms and how to improvethe sensitivity of radiotherapy is required. Immune checkpoint blocking therapy (ICB) stillhas a low response rate due to the cold tumor microenvironment, which may be overcomeso that the efficacy could be further increased when ICB is combined with other treatments.To assess the effectiveness and determine the prognosis, it will be helpful to search for thecorresponding biomarkers.As a result, the relationship between radiotherapy and the tumor immunemicroenvironment was revealed in the current Research Topic. Additionally, newtechniques to increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy therapy were developed, andbiomarkers to assess therapeutic efficacy and forecast therapeutic prognosis wereinvestigated. The intricacy of the systemic and local immune environments in variouscancer types is examined by Iliadi et al. How radiation shapes the immune landscape isfocused on. Radiation was found to directly influence tumor cells and their surroundings,which mostly primes the immune response but may potentially inhibit it. When combinedwith immunotherapy, radiation causes an increase in infiltrating T cells and the productionfrontiersin.org01Yu et al. 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235024of programmed death ligand 1, which may be beneficial for thepatient. Radiation causes an increase in immunosuppressivepopulations, particularly pro-tumoral M2 macrophages andmyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), in a number ofmalignancies. They also reveal potential prognostic and predictiveinformation gleaned from the patient’s iTME and systemic immuneprofile to direct therapy choices. Zhu et al. found that the radio-sensitivity of TIME and circulating lymphocytes must be carefullytaken into account when choosing the most appropriate radiotherapyregimen for combination with immunotherapy because differentimmune cell types, with different states of differentiation, exhibitdifferent radio-sensitivities. The benefits of low-dose radiation(LDRT) over high-dose radiotherapy (HDRT) were highlighted byJi et al. Firstly, LDRT has a low level of toxicity. It is challenging toreach the dosage limit for the organ at risk with SBRT, whereas doserestrictions will be easier to satisfy with LDRT, if radiotherapy is to bedelivered simultaneously to many lesions within an organ. Secondly,LDRT is more secure for individuals who have previously undergoneradiation treatment. When re-radiation is carried out with LDRT,there is a very little chance that the normal tissue dosage limitationswill be exceeded. Finally, it is simpler to deliver LDRT. LDRT can becarried out in clinical settings using three-dimensional technology,but HDRT necessitates specialist imaging, respiratory gating, andeven the implantation of gold fiducials.The potential for radiotherapy to induce an immunogenic celldeath (ICD) is supported by Mariampillai et al. They alsodemonstrate that using radiotherapy in combination with ATRinhibition boosts this potential. Additionally, they discovered thatpan-caspase inhibition eliminates HMGB1 release, marginally boostsATP secretion, and has little or no impact on ecto-CALR.Understanding these pathways will also probably make it easier totake advantage of the combined therapy’s immunostimulatory effects,perhaps by administering immune checkpoint blockade therapyafterward. Besides, Yuan et al. found that the gut microbiota mayalso be a common biological target for minimizing the side effects ofradioimmunotherapy, inhibiting the target may improve efficacy andpoint patients with CRC in the right direction for achieving a longersurvival and a higher quality of life after treatment. In order toachieve multimodal imaging and theranostics of lymph nodemetastasis, the Zhang et al. developed a nanoprobe conjugatedtrastuzumab based on upconversion nanoparticles, furtherdeveloped a nanonuclear drug labeled 68Ga or 177Lu, and adopted anew imaging and theranostic strategy for lymphatic targeting. It isintended to direct research into and advancements in more potenttheranostic methods for treating malignancies.According to Gao et al., the parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucosePET/CT served as biomarkers and were crucial in the treatment ofICIs, allowing for the assessment of the tumormicroenvironment, theidentification of immune-related adverse events, the evaluation oftherapeutic efficacy, and the prognosis of the treatment. Transientreceptor potential channels (TRPC) are essential regulators of thedevelopment and spread of cancer. Wang et al. created a unique riskscore for colorectal cancer prognosis using eight TRPCG withexcellent discrimination and calibration. A promising biomarkerFrontiers in Immunology 02for ICIs and neoadjuvant therapy in the management of colorectalcancer could be the present TRPCRS. Fatty acidmetabolism (FAM) isclosely linked to the development of cancer and carcinogenesis.In the context of cancer, Zhou et al. investigated the criticalimpact of FAM on the gut flora and metabolism. Patients with high-risk scores were closely associated with activating type I interferonresponse and inflammation-promoting actions, according to anextensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment based on theFAM-related signature. In patients with locally advanced rectalcancer, their findings suggest that FAM may be able to predict theoutcome of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy aswell as the prognosis of disease-free survival (DFS) and overallsurvival (OS). Finding precise biomarkers may aid in riskclassification and treatment choices for locally advanced rectalcancer, according to Wang et al.Altogether, after having seen all individual contributions to thisResearch Topic, we see that the topic of “Ionizing RadiationReprograms Tumor Immune Microenvironment by InducingImmunogenic Cell Death” is broad and has its roots in an activeresearch field. The far-reaching implications of ionizing radiation-related tumor immune microenvironment make this an intriguingsubject important for future studies to gain a better understanding.Author contributionsFY wrote the paper. All authors listed have made a substantial,direct and intellectual contribution to the work, and approved itfor publication.AcknowledgmentsWe thank the authors of the 10 publications of the ResearchTopic for their high-quality work. We thank the Frontiers inImmunology Editorial Office and the Editor for their support.Conflict of interestWW is a consultant of Alpha Nuclide NingboMedical TechnologyCo., Ltd.The remaining authors declare that the research was conductedin the absence of any commercial or financial relationships thatcould be construed as a potential conflict of interest.Publisher’s noteAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsand do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations,or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any productthat may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by itsmanufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.frontiersin.org

Editorial: Ionizing radiation reprograms tumor immune microenvironment by inducing immunogenic cell death.

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Editorial: Ionizing radiation reprograms tumor immune microenvironment by inducing immunogenic cell death.

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