The melting of ice in porous glass having different distribution of pores
sizes is analyzed in details. One shows that confined water crystallizes
only partially and that an interface layer, between the ice crystallites and
the surface of the pore, remains liquid. Properties of this non crystalline
interface at low temperature is studied by NMR and DSC. Both methods lead to
an interface thickness h of the order of 0.5 nm, this explains why water do not
crystallize when the dimension of confinement is less than a critical length
d∗∼1 nm. The variation of the melting enthalpy per gram of total amount
of water with the confinement length is explained taking into account two
effects: a) the presence of this layer of water at the interface and b) the
linear variation of the melting enthalpy ΔHm with the melting
temperature Tm. From the data of the literature one draws the same conclusions
concerning other solvents in similar porous materials. Also one points out
the important role of the glass temperature Tg in preventing the
crystallization of the liquids confined in small pores and/or between the
crystallites and the surface of the pores