Aneuploidy, or abnormal number of chromosomes in a haploid set, in XY/XX organisms has consequences that can impede physical and cognitive development. To prevent aneuploidy, cellular division relies on the correct position of paired chromosomes and subsequent segregation in the meiotic program. If connections between paired chromosomes sever or errors in chromosome contraction towards spindle poles arise, aneuploidy occurs. Many arthropod species have chromosomes that naturally do not pair, or that pair differently than typical autosomes. Through the evaluation of such systems, novel insights into chromosomal coordination and positioning may be revealed. The objective of this study is twofold: (1) investigate univalent X chromosome behavior in the two-striped planthopper Acanalonia bivittata (X0/XX) and (2) explore a sex trivalent model (XXY/XX) in the giant shield mantis Rhombodera megaera. Here, we will investigate both systems using live-cell and immunofluorescence imaging to reveal mechanisms regulating chromosome coordination and segregation to further understand translational implications across all species
