Presentation discusses the following research objectives:
1. Address student workers’ concern regarding respiratory health
2. Characterize aerosol and VOC exposures during printing operations
3. Identify primary sources of exposure using NIOSH EVADE software, spatial analysi

Marcham, Cheri

Reed, Rustin

English

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Publications 5-24-2021 Evaluation of Potential Exposure Risks from 3D Printing Operations Using NIOSH EVADE Software Cheri Marcham Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, march617@erau.edu Rustin Reed Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, REEDR16@erau.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication  Part of the Public Health Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Marcham, C., & Reed, R. (2021). Evaluation of Potential Exposure Risks from 3D Printing Operations Using NIOSH EVADE Software. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/2035 This Presentation without Video is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu. Evaluation of Potential Exposure Risks from 3D Printing Operations Using NIOSH EVADE softwareRustin Reed, PhD, CIH, CSPCheri Marcham, PhD, CIH, CSP, CHMMMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 1• Certified Industrial Hygienist• Certified Safety Professional• Doctor of Philosophy• Environmental Health Sciences• Research Interests• Mining safety and health• Training programs• Machine learning• Real-time instrumentsMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 2Rustin Reed• Objectives• Introduction• Background• Methods• Results• ConclusionMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 3Overview1. Address student workers’ concern regarding respiratory health2. Characterize aerosol and VOC exposures during printing operations3. Identify primary sources of exposure using NIOSH EVADE software, spatial analysisMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 4Research Objectives• Ultrafine/nanosize particles (UFPs), which are particles less than 100 nm in size • (Azimi et al., 2016; Floyd et al., 2017; Kim et al., 2015; Stephens et al., 2013; Stefaniak, LeBouf, Yi et al., 2017; Byrley et al., 2020) • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) • Styrene• Ethylbenzene• methyl styrene• Acetaldehyde• Ethanol• Acetone, etc.• (Azimi et al., 2016; Floyd et al., 2017; Stefaniak, LeBouf, Yi et al., 2017; Wojtyła et al., 2017; Gu et al., 2019; Byrley et al., 2020).MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 5Introduction• 1 ABS, 6 PLA printers• Ion Science Tiger• TSI P-trak• Spot measuresMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 6Background – Old 3D Printing LabMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 7Background1.2 1.5 130.234.62.810.80.3024681012Series 1 Markerbot Center of Room Lye Bath Work StationVOCs (ppm)PID (ppm) Avg. Reading PID (ppm) Peak Reading OSHA PEL = 5 (ppm)8000600047004000 42001120080005000 5000 5000020004000600080001000012000Series 1 Markerbot Center ofRoomLye Bath Work StationUFP countParticle Counter (ppcm) Avg. Reading Particle Counter (ppcm) Peak Reading• StrataSys F370 (ABS)• StrataSys F170 (ABS)• 2x Dimension 1200 ES (ABS)• 6x MakerBot Replicators (PLA)• 6x Type A Machines Series 1 Pro(PLA)• 3x Original Prusa i3 (PLA) • Form 2 resin printerMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 8Background – New Rapid Prototyping Lab• Ion Science Tiger• Spot measures• 1ft x 1ft gridMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 9Background – Initial VOC measures• TSI P-Track UFP Monitor• TSI Sidepak Personal Aerosol Monitor AM520 • Ion Science Tiger LT• Two 6-L Summa Canisters• TSI Velocicalc (return air/air changes)MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 10Methods - Characterization• Four Particles Plus 7302-AQM Air Quality Monitors • 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 µm• Door, printers, desk, resin printer• Two Ion Science Cub Personal VOC Detectors• Desk, printers• MIUFLY 1296P HD Police Body Camera MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 11MethodsMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 12Methods• NIOSH’s EVADE 2.1 software• Exposure data and video files were imported into EVADE• Visual task-exposure analysis• UFP concentrations• Average: 2,536 pt/cc• Max: 20,998 pt/cc• 0.1 µm particulate concentrations • Average: 4.5 µg/m3• Max: 80 µg/m3• The average and maximum VOC concentrations• Average: 10 ppb• Max: 258 ppb • Air changes • Average: 6.0 per hour• TO-15 analysis • Isopropyl alcohol: 56 ppb• Ethanol: 30 ppb • Toluene: 6.7 ppb • Acetone: 6.5 ppb • Acetonitrile: 5.9 ppbMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 13Results – Characterization• Average background VOC conc.• 10 ppb.MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 14Results – Task-Exposure Analysis380732161.4 9.33 1.48 1.4050010001500200025003000350040000 2 4 6 8 10 12Average background particle countsSize fraction (um)• Washed resin prints in a bath of isopropyl alcohol • 0.3 µm aerosol count increased by and peaked at 532%• Remained elevated over 130 minutes • Cleaned the resin printer build plate, removed resin print supports, and began new prints. • Applied a primer-filler to a finished PLA print • 0.3 µm aerosol counts increased by over 1000%• 10 µm aerosol counts increased by nearly 44,000%• Returned to background levels within 20 minutes. MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 15Results – ParticulatesMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 16Results010002000300040005000600070008000Particle counts• Aerosol can• Spray near printers• Door to the leftMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 17Results• Washed resin prints in a bath of isopropyl alcohol • Increased to nearly 500 ppm• Steadily fell to background levels within 30 minutes• Placed an ABS print into a lye (sodium hydroxide) bath• Increased to over 60 ppm• Remained elevated for approximately 30 minutes. MAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 18Results – VOCsMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 19Results0100200300400500600• Aerosol and VOC concentrations not strongly correlated• UFP concentrations relatively low• Total VOCs during printing processes • Around 3-5 ppm consistently• Primary VOCs identified with the TO-15 canister all were individually detected at 60 ppb or lowerMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 20Conclusion – Characterization• Keep door open during student work• Perform post-print processing near door• Regularly maintain HVAC system• Printers added – continue to monitor• Use of video with dataloggedexposure information can yield valuable insightMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 21Conclusion – Task-Exposure AnalysisThank You!Rustin Reedrustin2@arizona.eduMAY 24-26  | AIHceEXP.org  | 22

Evaluation of Potential Exposure Risks from 3D Printing Operations Using NIOSH EVADE Software

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Evaluation of Potential Exposure Risks from 3D Printing Operations Using NIOSH EVADE Software

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