Effects of Flood Flows on Water Quality of Tioga-Hammond Lakes : Hydraulic Model Investigation

Abstract

Source: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/The physical model investigation was conducted to estimate the dilution and dispersion of acidic and alkaline substances within Tioga-Hammond Lakes as a result of flood flows and to determine the concentration of these substances in the outflow during drawdown. The model, constructed to a distorted length scale ratio of 1:100 vertically and 1:2000 horizontally, consisted of Tioga and Hammond Lakes, the connecting channel of the dual reservoir system, Hammond outlet works, and the flood control intakes of Tioga outlet works. The model simulated density variations and stratifications expected to exist in the prototype due to temperature differences and reproduced the unsteady inflow and outflow hydrographs for various size floods. Concentrations of fluorescent dyes simulated the acidic and alkaline substances; water samples were collected and analyzed to determine the dilution and dispersion of the dyes throughout the lakes and in the outflow from the lakes. The expected concentrations of acidic and alkaline substances existing in the two lakes after flood inflows and drawdown and in the outflow during drawdown are presented for three flood conditions. The results provide information for estimating water quality for similar flood conditions within and downstream of the project and guidance for limiting adverse quality during drawdown