Clarke, Michael T.

Cooper, Rosemary

Croucher, Laura

Griffiths, Tom

Panesar, Gurveen

Price, Katie

Sargent, Jenefer

Swettenham, John

Woghiren, Amie

English

University of Dundee Online Publications

                                                                    University of DundeeEye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsyClarke, Michael T.; Woghiren, Amie; Sargent, Jenefer; Griffiths, Tom; Cooper, Rosemary;Croucher, LauraPublication date:2016Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink to publication in Discovery Research PortalCitation for published version (APA):Clarke, M. T., Woghiren, A., Sargent, J., Griffiths, T., Cooper, R., Croucher, L., Panesar, G., Price, K., &Swettenham, J. (2016). Eye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsy. Postersession presented at European Academy of Childhood Disability, Stockholm, Sweden.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or othercopyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated withthese rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediatelyand investigate your claim.Download date: 17. Aug. 2023See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303819387Eye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebralpalsyPoster · June 2016DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2659.5442CITATION1READS7319 authors, including:Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:Eye-Pointing Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy View projectTranslation and cross-cultural validation of the C-BiLLT into English and other languages View projectMichael T ClarkeSan Francisco State University67 PUBLICATIONS   904 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILEAmie WoghirenTalk Speech and Language Therapy4 PUBLICATIONS   10 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILEJenefer SargentNational Health Service21 PUBLICATIONS   253 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILETom GriffithsUniversity of Dundee24 PUBLICATIONS   180 CITATIONS   SEE PROFILEAll content following this page was uploaded by Michael T Clarke on 06 June 2016.The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.BackgroundLimitation of body movement imposes restrictions on direct experience and self expression. For the young developingchild vision serves as a vital input sense, and use of controlled looking behaviours (e.g. fixations and fixation/gaze shifts)can also be an important means of communicative output. For example, by shifting gaze between an object and a partner they might draw their partner’s attention to that object in order to comment on it, or request it etc. Careful observation of looking responses during the presentation of assessment materials can also be an effectiveway of determining cognitive and receptive language abilities in this otherwise hard to assess population.Deliberate fixations can also be used as an access method to augmentative & alternative communication (AAC) systems.The term eye-pointing is often used when describing such looking behaviours, however, there is often poor agreement between clinicians concerning which looking behaviors constitute genuine eye-pointing for communication and which do not.AimThe aim of this work is to establish a valid and reliable classification scale that will enable clinicians to describe and categorise looking behaviours related to eye-pointing in young non-speaking children with cerebral palsy whose movement restriction precludes the effective use of other pointing methods. MethodThe scale has been developed through the following procedures: 1. a comprehensive literature review to explore how eye-pointing is commonly described; 2. focus group discussions to develop the descriptive scale’s content and form;3. review of the scale through an online survey using purposive sampling to target relevant international audiences;4. inter-rater and test-retest reliability testing.FindingsLiterature searches including the terms eye-point AND communicat* across 6 databases yielded 338 articles, 71 articles of which were relevant to the researched topic. 1 study (Sargent et al., 2013) offered a clinical description of eye-pointing as:The context-relevant, controlled and intentional use of sustained gaze in order to direct one or more partner’s visual attention to any item or object for a deliberate communicative purpose. Other communication modes (facial expression, vocalisation, head movement and body position) may be employed, as available, to support the use of gaze. The intended meaning is established collaborativelybetween the child and the adult.Focus group discussions, survey feedback and further group evaluations produced a 5-point scale reflecting:• developmental progression of core looking skills including fixing, disengaging and shifting gaze;• social use of looking behavior that may be separate from eye-pointing;• eye-pointing as a socially motivated action on the part of the child to bring about some form of collaborative engagement with someonein relation to some thing.Current reliability testing in the UK and Portugal suggest the scale will achieve high levels of agreement between raters. This work is supported byEye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsy Michael Clarke*, Amie Woghiren*, Jenefer Sargent^, Tom Griffiths^, Rosie Cooper*, Laura Croucher*, Gurveen Panesar* Katie Price^ and John Swettenham*.* Department of Language and Cognition, University College London^ Wolfson Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, LondonVOther visual behavioursIVFixes gazeIIIDisengages and shifts gazeIIUses gaze sociallyIUses eye-pointingDoes not fix gaze Fixes gaze Demonstrates Level IVandDemonstrates Level IV andDemonstrates Level IV andDisengages gaze from objects, shifts gaze and fixes on new objectsDemonstrates Level IIIandDemonstrates Level IIIandShifts gaze from object to partner’s face and/orShifts gaze from partner’s face to objectDemonstrates Level IIandFixes gaze on object, shifts gaze to partner’s face and returns gaze to object and/orFixes gaze on partner, shifts gaze to object, returns gaze to partner.www.ucl.ac.uk/gazem.clarke@ucl.ac.ukWe are also grateful for support from collaborating institutions in the UK and Portugal, including Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation Centre, Lisbon (Centro de Reabilitação de Paralisia Cerebral Calouste Gulbenkian).www.ucl.ac.uk/gazeView publication stats

Eye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsy

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Eye‐pointing classification in non‐speaking children with severe cerebral palsy

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