Beograd : Institut za molekularnu genetiku i genetičko inženjerstvo
Abstract
U hortikulturi je prisutna stalna potreba za ukrasnim biljkama sa novim karakteristikama, gde boja
cveta predstavlja jednu od najvažnijih osobina koja određuje njihovu komercijalnu vrednost. Sa razvojem
metoda genetičkog inženjeringa otvorena je mogućnost kreiranja biljaka sa željenom bojom cvetova koja
se ne može postići klasičnim ukrštanjem ili mutagenezom. Boja cvetova kod biljaka određena je sadržajem
tri biljna pigmenta: antocijanina, karotenoida i betalaina. Do sada, najveći napredak postignut je genetičkom
modulacijom biosinteze antocijanina. Na ovaj način postignute su nove boje cvetova kod
najmanje 50 ukrasnih vrsta, a neki od tih modifikovanih varijeteta su već dugi niz godina u slobodnoj prodaji.
Međutim, promena boje cveta manipulacijom biosintetskog puta karotenoida je dokumentovana
kod svega nekoliko ukrasnih vrsta i poslednjih godina intenzivirana su istraživanja u tom pravcu. U ovom
radu je razmatran potencijal ovog pristupa, sa posebnim osvrtom na rezultate postignute na promeni boje
cvetova kod kultivara ljubičice uvodjenjem gena za kapsantin-kapsorubin sintazu.In horticulture, there is a constant need for ornamental plants with new characteristics, where the flower
color is one of the most important features that determines their commercial value. With the development
of genetic engineering methods, it has been possible to create plants with the desired flower
color which cannot be achieved by classical breeding or mutagenesis. The flower color in plants is determined
by the content of three plant pigments: anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains. Up to date, the
greatest progress has been made by genetic modulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this way, the new
flower colors have been achieved in at least 50 ornamental species, and some of these modified varieties
have been on market for many years. However, the alteration of flower color by manipulating the carotenoid
biosynthetic pathway has been documented in only a few ornamental species, and the research has
been significantly increased last few years. In this paper, the potential of this approach is considered, with
special reference to the results achieved on flower color alteration of pansy cultivars by introducing the
gene for capsanthin-capsorubin synthase