'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)'
Doi
Abstract
En América latina, la tasa de reciclaje es más baja que en Europa, esto se debe a la cultura
adoptada por los europeos de la separación de materias primas. Para esto, se necesita una
transformación tecnológica en países como Colombia, que tenga un impacto positivo para
el medio ambiente. Por esto, el presente trabajo se circunscribe al estudio de la clasificación
de desechos, donde se busca dar solución al problema de la separación de residuos en
hogares, por ello, en la investigación se diseñó y construyó una máquina con la capacidad
de separar materiales orgánicos de los no orgánicos con una eficiencia del 65%. La
investigación se centró en la construcción de un prototipo de caneca de separación de
residuos (la cual divide los residuos en orgánicos e inorgánicos), mediante sensores,
microprocesadores y actuadores, estos captan, analizan y clasifican los residuos.
El proyecto se inspiró en países como Suiza, donde se recicla el 99% de la basura, la fase
principal en este modelo es la separación manual en los hogares. Este proyecto busca
mitigar impactos ambientales provocados por la no separación de residuos, mediante la
clasificación correcta de los desechos en los hogares. Teniendo un método que se podría
extrapolar a otro tipo de maquinarias, como lo son, carros compactadores, tolvas en
conjuntos, entre otras.1.planteamiento del problema 4
2.Abstract 4
3.Justificacion 8
4.Objetivos 9
5.Marco teórico 10
6.Estado del arte 11
7.Metodologia 15
8.Desarrollo de los objetivos 16
9.Conclusiones 38
10.Referencias 42
11.Anexos 48In Latin America, the recycling rate is lower than in Europe, this is due to the culture adopted
by Europeans of waste separation in households; For this, a cultural or technological
transformation is needed in countries like Colombia, which has a positive impact on the
environment.For this reason, the present work is limited to the study of waste classification,
where it seeks to provide a solution to the problem of waste separation in homes, therefore,
the purpose of the research is to design and build a machine with the capacity to separate
organic from non-organic materials.The research aims to build a prototype of a waste
separation bin, functional for homes, which divides the waste into organic and inorganic,
using sensors, microprocessors and actuators that capture, analyze and classify the waste.
This project is inspired In countries such as Switzerland, where 99% of garbage is recycled,
the main phase in this model is manual separation in households.The project seeks to
mitigate environmental impacts caused by the non-separation of waste, through the correct
classification of waste in homes; This method can be extrapolated to other types of
machinery, such as compacting cars, hoppers in sets, among othersMaestríaEn Latin America, the recycling rate is lower than in Europe, this is due to the culture adopted
by Europeans of waste separation in households; For this, a cultural or technological
transformation is needed in countries like Colombia, which has a positive impact on the
environment.For this reason, the present work is limited to the study of waste classification,
where it seeks to provide a solution to the problem of waste separation in homes, therefore,
the purpose of the research is to design and build a machine with the capacity to separate
organic from non-organic materials.The research aims to build a prototype of a waste
separation bin, functional for homes, which divides the waste into organic and inorganic,
using sensors, microprocessors and actuators that capture, analyze and classify the waste.
This project is inspired In countries such as Switzerland, where 99% of garbage is recycled,
the main phase in this model is manual separation in households.The project seeks to
mitigate environmental impacts caused by the non-separation of waste, through the correct
classification of waste in homes; This method can be extrapolated to other types of
machinery, such as compacting cars, hoppers in sets, among others
