In this article we develop a systematic approach to treat Dirac operators
Aη,τ,λ​ with singular electrostatic, Lorentz scalar, and
anomalous magnetic interactions of strengths η,τ,λ∈R, respectively, supported on points in R, curves in
R2, and surfaces in R3 that is based on boundary
triples and their associated Weyl functions. First, we discuss the
one-dimensional case which also serves as a motivation for the multidimensional
setting. Afterwards, in the two and three-dimensional situation we construct
quasi, generalized, and ordinary boundary triples and their Weyl functions, and
provide a detailed characterization of the associated Sobolev spaces, trace
theorems, and the mapping properties of integral operators which play an
important role in the analysis of Aη,τ,λ​. We make a
substantial step towards more rough interaction supports Σ and consider
general compact Lipschitz hypersurfaces. We derive conditions for the
interaction strengths such that the operators Aη,τ,λ​ are
self-adjoint, obtain a Krein-type resolvent formula, and characterize the
essential and discrete spectrum. These conditions include purely Lorentz scalar
and purely non-critical anomalous magnetic interactions as well as the
confinement case, the latter having an important application in the
mathematical description of graphene. Using a certain ordinary boundary triple,
we show the self-adjointness of Aη,τ,λ​ for arbitrary
combinations of the interaction strengths (including critical ones) under the
condition that Σ is C∞-smooth and derive its spectral
properties. In particular, in the critical case, a loss of Sobolev regularity
in the operator domain and a possible additional point of the essential
spectrum are observed.Comment: 56 pages; to appear in Reviews in Mathematical Physic