Costa, Cleide

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Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Papeis Avulsos Zoolv S. Paulo^ 31 (2): 7-18 30.IX. 1977 STUDIES ON ELATERIDAE (COLEOPTERA). BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON NEOTROPICAL LARVAE Cleide Costa Introduction Miscellaneous biological notes on larvae of Neotropical Agrypni- nae and Elaterinae have been assembled by collecting and rearing over a number of years. In spite of the considerable amount of data on elaterid larvae, little is known about them in the Neotropical Region. Studies of immature stages are very important from the systematic point of view or for the establishment of relationships between the groups and their evolution. The following genera a(nd species are herein studied; Agrypninae; Dilobitarsus quadrituherculatus Candeze, 1857; Elaterinae: Dicrepi- diini: Ischiodontus brasilianus Germar, 1824, I. nigrita Candeze, 1859, I. obscurus Candeze, 1859, I. puncticollis Fabricius, 1801, Crepidius flabellifer (Erichson, 1847); Megapenthini: Megapenthes brasilianus Candeze, 1881; Physorhinini: Physorhinus erythrocephalus Fabricius, 1801 and P. xanthocephalus Germar, 1840. Drawings were made from the last exuviae. Photographs were taken by Giro Pastore. My best thanks are due to the colleagues who provided some of the larvae. All larvae were collected in rotten wood, many being developed. They were placed in individual Petri dishes, with pieces of rotten wood on wet sand. The larva of Dilobitarsus was fed with larvae of Tenebrio. Larvae of Dicrepidiini are probably predaceous, but refused all kinds of larvae offered; once I have observed cannibalism between larvae of Ischiodontus. Subfamily Agrypninae This subfamily contains about 12 genera and 900 species (Hayek, 1973). Larvae of 4 genera and 10 species are known but up to now nothing was known about larvae of the Neotropical Region. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. 8 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Dilobitarsus quadrituberculatus Candeze, 1857 (Figs. 1-6 and 47-48) One well-developed larva was collected at Minas Gerais, Santa Barbara (Serra do Caraga), 6. III. 1972 by U. R. Martins. This larva is closely related to that of Lacon parallelus (Lewis, 1894), described by Ohira (1962), differing in the number of tubercles and setae of the 9th abdominal segment and also by the general number and position of the setae on the body, especially those of the head and mouthparts. Mature larva Body surface yellowish; head, pronotum and prosternum darker. Head and body dorsoventrally compressed. Head slightly rounded laterally. Cranial sutures widely separated in front, converging behind. Antennae (fig. 3) 3-segmented, second segment with two pairs of setae and with a small triangular sensory appendix; third segment, the smallest, with one long hair-like seta apically. Nasale (fig. 4) tridentate, with three setae betwenn adjacent teeth. Mandibles (fig. 2) arcuate and stout, without retinaculum, penicillum formed by a small tuft of short and thin hairs. Maxilla (fig. 5) with elongate stipites, which are very close at the base; cardo reduced. Pronotum as long as the meso- and the metanotum together. Coxae separated. Legs with several stout setae, associated with long hairs. Prosternum triangular, with a pair of median basal setae and several setae ante- riorly. Ninth abdominal tergite (fig. 1) slightly concave, with five pairs of lateral tubercles diminishing in length from the tip to the base, the apical tubercle bifurcate, all of these tubercles with several hairy points; suface of tergite with five small hairy tubercles. Tenth abdominal segment (fig. 1) of moderate size, tubular and with two stout spines on the lateral margin of the anal region. Pupa (figs. 47-48) Sides of pronotum with three pairs of cuticular prolongations, one on the anterior margin, one on the posterior angles and the last on the basal region. Last abdominal segment with one pair of urogomphi with small lateral ramifications. Subfamily Elaterinae This subfamily contains about 52 genera and 1000 species. Gurjeva (1974) has considered 7 tribes in the Elaterinae: Phy- sorhinini, Megapenthini, Ampedini, Elaterini, Melanotini, Agriotini and Dicrepidiini. Up to now larvae from the Holartic and Oriental Regions belonging to at least five of these tribes were known, but none from the Neotropics. Hyslop (1917) characterized the larvae of this subfamily as; "cylindrical or subcylindrical in general form, the ninth abdominal Vol. 31 (2), 1977 9 segment never emarginate and the pleural areas always conceealed or decidedly reduced." He studied larvae of five tribes. Ohira (1962) characterized several larvae of Elaterinae from Japan. I have tried to compare the Neotropical larvae here described with those of the Holartic and Oriental Regions. Tribe Dicrepidiini The larva of Ischiodontus simplex Leconte, 1853 was figured by Hyslop (1917). It is closely related to Ischiodontus hrasilianus Germar, 1824 and Crepidius flabellifer (Erichson, 1847) in the form of the muscular impressions of the abdominal tergites. Ischiodontus hrasilianus Germar, 1824 (Figs. 9-14, 17-19) This species is very common in the forests near Sao Paulo. I have been able to follow metamorphosis of 4 larvae, 3 from Sao Paulo, Salesdpolis (Estagao Bioldgica de Boraceia) and 1 from Sao Paulo, Caraguatatuba. Mature larva Cylindric, reddish-brown. Abdominal segments with punctures large and homogenous, abdominal tergites with muscular impressions conspicuous and oblique in relation to anterior margin. Antenna (fig. 12) fitted perfectly in a groove on the dorsal part of the man- dibles, 3-segmented, sensory appendix well developed, third segment minute. Nasale (fig. 14) tridentate, the median teeth greater than the others. Mandible (figs. 10-13) with retinaculum and penicillum cons- picuous; dorsal region with peculiar grooves to receive the antenna. Maxilla (fig. 9) with elongate stipites, separated at the base; cardo well developed. Leg (fig. 19) with stout and short setae associated with a few long hairs. Ninth abdominal tergite not emarginated with the tip bluntly pointed and punctuation stronger than on the other tergites. Ischiodontus nigrita Candeze, 1859 (Figs. 20-21) Larva collected at Sao Paulo, SP, 20. VII. 1965 by C. Costa. Very closely related to I. hrasilianus, differing in the finer ge- neral punctures; muscular impressions of abdominal segment not striate and parallel to the anterior margin; 9th tergite abruptly pointed, with several small tubercles on the lateral and dorsal regions, Ischiodontus ohscurus Candeze, 1859 (Figs. 6-8) Larva collected at Sao Paulo, Km 26 Rodovia Raposo Tavares, 18.1.1973, by C. Costa. 10 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Very close to /. nigrita, differing in the dark-brown general color; muscular impressions of the abdominal segments denser; 9th tergite with a few small lateral tubercles and dorsal surface heterogeneously punctulate, i. e., fine punctures associated with a few larger and impressed ones. Ischiodontus puncticollis Fabricius, 1801 (Figs. 15-16) I have been able to follow metamorphosis of two larvae of I. ■puncticollis, one collected at Sao Paulo, Tabatinga (Fazenda Ita- quere), 21. VI. 1965, by K. Lenko; the other at Sao Paulo, Salesdpo- lis (Estagao Bioldgica de Boraceia), 24. IX. 1969, by C. Costa. Very closely related to /. hrasilianus, differing in the muscular impressions of the abdominal segments and the punctuation of the abdominal sternites which are much less impressed. Crepidius flabellifer (Erichson, 1847) (Figs. 22-23) Larva collected at Sao Paulo, SP, 14. X. 1975, by C. Costa. Very closely related to Ischiodontus hrasilianus differing in the punctures of the abdominal sternites which are finer and by the 9th tergite with several small tubercles associated to some very large punctures. Tribe Megapenxhini This tribe contains about 10 genera. The genus Megapenthes in- cludes about 196 species, 21 of which from the Neotropical Region Nothing was known about the larvae of this tribe. Megapenthes hrasilianus Candeze, 1881 (Figs. 24-31) Larva collected at Sao Paulo, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, 19-23. VII. 1965, by C. Costa. Cylindric, yellowish. Abdominal tergites with shallow, homogenous punctures. Antenna (fig. 28) fitted perfectly in a groove on the dorsal part of the mandibles, 3-segmented, third segment minute and with three short apical setae, sensory appendix well developed. Nasale (fig. 24) unidentate, two pairs of setae on each side. Mandibles (figs. 30-31), dorsal region with peculiar grooves to receive the antennae, with retinaculum and penicillum absent. Maxilla (fig. 26) with elon- gate stipites, which are separated at the base; cardo well developed. Leg (fig. 25) with a few stout and short setae and long hairs. Ninth tergite not emarginate, its tip bluntly 3-pointed, dorsal surface with 4 impressions. Vol. 31 (2), 1977 11 Tribe Physorhinini This tribe contains about 4 genera and 170 species. The larva of Anchastus aquilus Candeze, 1873 was described by Ohira (1962). No- thing was known about the Physorhinus larvae. Comparing the larvae of Physorhinus with that of Anchastus I have observed the same type of antenna and a greater or lesser variation of the remaning characters. Physorhinus erythrocephalus Germar, 1840 (Figs. 32-42 and 45-46) Larva collected at Rondonia, Guajara-Mirim, near Cabixi River, 15-17. IV. 1976, by S. A. Vanin. Cylindric, reddish-brown. Abdominal tergites with well impressed punctures of variable size, localized mainly on the median region, abdominal sternites finely punctured. Antenna (fig. 33) 3-segmented, first segment with one latero-apical seta, third segment minute and sensorial appendix absent. Nasale (fig. 32) unidentate, with dorsal part adapted to receive the antennae, with retinaculum and penicillum formed by thin hairs. Maxilla (fig. 34) with elongate stipes; cardo conspicuous. Leg (fig. 36) with stout lanceolate setae and a few long hairs. Ninth tergite with 4 small tubercles on the median region, the entire surface covered by variable well impressed punctures, its tip crenulate and with one pair of lateral tubercles near apex. Pupa (figs. 45-46) Covered with thin and dense hairs, posterior angles of pronotum with one recurved cuticular prolongation. Last abdominal segment with two pairs of densely hairy urogomphi. Physorhinus xanthocephalus Germar, 1840 (Figs. 43-44) Larva collected at Sao Paulo, Salesdpolis (Casa Grande), l.XI. 1975, by M. G. Lima. Very closely related to P.erythrocephalus, differing by the ho- mogeneous punctures of the abdominal tergites, and 9th tergite with two small dorsal tubercles and the apex with two rows of small den- ticles. References Candeze, E., 1857. Monographie des Elaterides. Tome premier. Mem. Soc. Sci. Liege 12, 400' pp., 7 pis. Candeze, E., 1859. Idem. Tome second. Ibidem, 14, 543 pp., 7 pis. Candeze, E., 1881. Elaterides Nouveaux. Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege Troisieme Fascicule 9(2): 1-117. 32 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Erichson, W. F., 1847. Conspectus Insectorum Coleopterorum quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Arch. Naturgesch. 13: 67-185. Fabricius, J. C., 1801. Systerna Eleutheratorum 1, 506 pp.; 2, 687 pp., Kiliae. Germar, E. F., 1824. Insectorum species novae aut minus cognitae, descrip- tionibus illustratae, 624 pp., Halae. Germar, E. F., 1824. Bermekungen iiber Elateriden. Z. Ent. 2(2): 241-278, illus. Gurjeva, E. L., 1974. The thorax of click-beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and significance of its characters for the system of the family. Bev. ent. URSS 53 (1): 96-113, 95 figs. Hayek, C. M. F. von, 1973. A reclassification of the sub-family Agrypninae (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.) Suppl. 20: 1-309, 17 figs. Hyslop; J. A., 1917. The phylogeny of the Elateridae based on larval characters. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 10: 241-263, illus. Ohira, H., 1962. Morphological and taxonomic study on the larvae of Elateridae in Japan (Coleoptera). 179 pp., illust., Univ. Okazaki, Japan. Vol. 31 (2), 1977 13 1mm Dilohitarsus quadrituberculatus: 1, abdominal segments 8-10; 2, mandible; 3, antenna; 4, front and nasale; 5, hypostoma. 14 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia m. \ W 0 0,1 m m 10 J %11 12 14 13 17 IS ^ y 22 16 15 o no 0r)n 23 0 0.1 mm Ischiodontus obscurus: 6, general lateral view; 7, tergites 8-9; 8, abdominal sternites 8-10. I. brasilianus: 9, hypostoma; 10, mandible (ventral view); 11-12, mandible (dorsal view); 13, mandible (apical view); 14, front and nasale; 17, abdominal tergites 8-9; 18, abdominal sternites 8-10; 19, leg. I. puncticollis: 15, abdominal sternites 8-10; 16, abdominal tergites 8-9. I. nigrita: 20, tergites 8-9; 21, abdominal sternites 8-10. Crepidius flahel- lifer: 22, abdominal sternites 8-10; 23, abdominal tergites 8-9. Vol. 31 (2), 1977 15 \ 2 4 2 6 2 5 0,5 mm 2 81 2 7 2 9 30 Megapenthes brasilianus: 24, front and nasale; 25, leg; 26, hypostoma* 27, abdominal tergites 8-9; 28, antenna; 29, abdominal sternites 8-10; 30 mandible (dorsal view); 31, mandible (ventral view)., 16 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 32 33 34 3 5 36 3 7 38 V 0-o% "°0oT>°'o' I °o/o°0o 0 :■■■.-■ .V >0O|o 39 40 0.5 mm o O O 44 43 42 41 PJvysorhinus erythrocephalus; 32, front and nasale; 33, antenna; 34. hypostoma; 35, mandible (apical view); 36, leg; 37, mandible (ventral view); 38, mandible (dorsal view); 39, tergite 7; 40, sternite 7; 41, tergite 9; 42, sternltes 9-10. P. xanthocephalus: 43, tergites 8-9; 44, sternites 8-10. Vol. 31 (2). 1977 17 ■ '■ ■ t €5 lifMHIHHI jSHMI ■■■■I Pupae. Physorhimis erythrocephalus: 45, dorsal view; 46, ventral view. Dilohitarsus quadrituherculatus: 47, dorsal view; 48, lateral view. 18 Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia Species Locality Date Collector Pupa Adult sex Dilohitarsus quadrituberculatus Serra do Caraga Sta.Barbara, MG 6.111.1972 U.R. Martins - & Estagao BiolSgi ca Boraceia, Sa lesSpolis, SP 16-19.VIII.66 c. Costa - ? Xsahiodontus 27.XI.1969 C. Costa 27.1.1970 J 3.II.1970 braei lian us 12.XI.1970 C. Costa 11.XI.1970 <5 14.XII.70 Caraguatatuba S. Paulo 28.VII,1965 K. Lenko 22.X.1965 o 8.XI.1965 Ischiodo'ntus nigrita Ipiranga S.Paulo, SP 20.VIII,1965 C. Costa - ? Isahiodontus obsaurus Km 26 Rodovia Raposo Tavares S. Paulo 18.1.1973 C. Costa - Isahiodontus punatia.ollis Tab.atinga Faz. Itaquere 21.VI.1965 K. Lenko 18.X.1965 d 25.X.1965 Estagao Biologi ca Boraceia, Sa lesopolis, SP 24.IX.1969 C. Costa 25.IX.1969 c? 21.X,1969 Crepidius Jlabe Hi fer Parque da Agua Funda, S.Paulo 14.X.1975 C. Costa - <3 '■Megapenthes brasilianus S. Jose Rio Pre to, S,. Paulo 19-23.VII.65 C. Costa 25.X.1965 % 8.XI.1965 Physorhinus erythroeephalus Guajara Mirim Rio Cabixi, Ro 15-17.IV.1976 S.A. Vanin 30.V.1976 ^ 16:VI.76 Physorhinus xanthocephalus Casa^Grande Salesopolis,SP l.Xr.1965 M.G. Lima - <S 

Studies on Elateridae (Coleoptera). Biological notes on neotropical larvae

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Studies on Elateridae (Coleoptera). Biological notes on Neotropical Larvae

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