An Open Design Theory for Society : From Oskar Hansen’s “Open Form” to Grzegorz Kowalski’s “Common Space, Private Space”

Abstract

In this paper I will discuss the “Open Form” theory advocated by the Polish architect, designer, and sculptor Oskar Hansen, and a theory based on Hansen’s ideas called “common space, private space,” which was developed by Grzegorz Kowalski, a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Warsaw. Kowalski’s studio, called Kowalnia, has produced many students that went on to successful international art careers. I will also discuss the design theory passed down by Kowalnia and other didactics. Hansen’s innovative “Open Form” concept was opposed to much of the architecture that was prevalent at the beginning of 20th century. It was based on predetermined “closed forms,” and envisioned imaginary residents occupying a building. Hansen’s presented a new, unprecedented model, which focused on the needs and desires of individuals within groups based on “open forms” that incorporated people’s opinions and gradually changed according to various events and shifts. Recognizing that there is no such thing as an expert architect versed in all fields, the “Open Form” theory proposed that the essential guiding force behind architecture ought to be the active and organic involvement of its users. This theory was expanded beyond architecture, and applied to all aspects of art theory.Theme I : Design Theories and Ideas in Europ