This thesis is an observational study that investigates the systemic and domestic obstacles to proposed maritime confidence-building measures (MCBMs) between India and Pakistan. The impediments identified apply to a lack of general cooperation between the South Asian states; however, this thesis leverages prior academic work, which posits that the maritime issues are not only resolvable but may facilitate further momentum to address more contentious disputes. Following the introduction chapter, this study is partitioned into four sections to answer the question: why did the proposed MCBMs not hold between India and Pakistan? First, a thorough overview of the two relevant maritime issues, namely the Sir Creek dispute and the maritime boundary demarcation, are examined in tandem with MCBM progression and the implications left unresolved. Second, the systemic obstacle is argued by investigating 20th-century historical legacies and how they precipitated the social construction and institutionalization of enmity. Third, the domestic obstacle is posited by observing each state’s 21st-century media environments and how the fourth estate may contribute to hostility. Lastly, the conclusion argues for the urgent need for greater MCBMs, given the current maritime volatility in South Asia, and recommends proposals for the United States, India, and Pakistan.Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
