Entrepreneurship scholars have focused their research on compiling a list of competencies that enhance entrepreneurial behaviour. Yet, these efforts might be redundant as new competencies are necessary in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Furthermore, previous research investigated entrepreneurial competencies (ECs) from a developed country perspective. This paper follows two phases in identifying ECs for the 4IR in a developing country context. During phase 1, a Delphi study is employed, whereby 12 participants provide 108 ECs (round 1) and 87 ECs (round 2) required for the 4IR. Based on an extensive literature review, a concept matrix is conducted in phase 2, in which 136 competencies are listed. After phase 2 has been conducted, 87 ECs are identified, of which 33 have resulted as the most cited in the literature. By utilizing this multi-dimensional holistic approach, we can distinguish the ECs necessary to increase entrepreneurs’ capacity to innovate. The final analyses indicate 12 ECs, presented in a conceptual framework and categorized into four domains: cognitive (knowledge), functional (skills), social (attitudes and behaviours) and meta (facilitating learning). The findings illustrate the demand for specific ECs, although no additional ECs such as technology skills are identified for the 4IR within a developing country context.https://journals.sagepub.com/home/IEIhj2023Business Managemen
