Introduction: Exponential research and development of nanotechnology has lead to its implementation in medical
line such as radiographic imaging. In current practice, iodine is clinically used as a contrast media in radiographic
analyses. However, contraindication of iodine to kidney in clinical practice warrants for a better contrast enhancer
with lower toxicity. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and Iron Oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been proposed as potential iodine’s substitute due to their novel biocompatibility. Methods: In accordance with technology-driven toxicity
impact, an animal modeling study has been conducted to assess the nephrotoxicopathology of GNPs and IONPs
with Perchloric Acid and SiPEG by biochemical study, in-depth tissue examination by histopathology, apoptosis, and
ultrastructural observation, and molecular analysis by Comet Assay. Results: Renal function test (RFT) revealed significant alteration in iodine group compared to nanoparticles and negative control group (p<0.05). Reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels demonstrated significant reduction in both nanoparticles’ groups compared to iodine (p<0.05), suggesting for lower oxidative stress induction. Morphological aberration
demonstrated by histology and ultrastructural evaluation (TEM) showed a distortion in kidney tissues and nucleus’
structure of iodine-administered group as compared to control and nanoparticles’ group. Apoptosis detection by
TUNEL assay for GNPs and IONPs group also revealed a significant reduction in apoptotic cells compared to iodine
group. Comet assay revealed significant reduction in DNA damaging effect of GNPs and IONPs group compared
to iodine group. Conclusion: The present study may postulate that GNPs and IONPs show better contrast enhancer
properties with lesser toxic properties than iodine
