Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and
technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of
material properties and dynamics, and as a means of revealing or even inducing
broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control offer
promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional
voltage-driven systems. However, optical manipulation of currents at nanometer
spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a key step toward scalable
optoelectronic systems and local probes. Here, we introduce vectorial
optoelectronic metasurfaces as a new class of metamaterial in which ultrafast
charge flows are driven by light pulses, with actively-tunable directionality
and arbitrary patterning down to sub-diffractive nanometer scales. In the
prototypical metasurfaces studied herein, asymmetric plasmonic nanoantennas
locally induce directional, linear current responses within underlying
graphene. Nanoscale unit cell symmetries are read out via polarization- and
wavelength-sensitive currents and emitted terahertz (THz) radiation. Global
vectorial current distributions are revealed by spatial mapping of the THz
field polarization, also demonstrating the direct generation of elusive
broadband THz vector beams. We show that a detailed interplay between
electrodynamic, thermodynamic, and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise
to these currents through rapidly-evolving nanoscale forces and charge flows
under extreme spatial and temporal localization. These results set the stage
for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in
materials diagnostics, nano-magnetism, microelectronics, and ultrafast
information science