Western Sicily is an active focus for canine and feline leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean area. The results of the present study indicate a high exposure rate to Leishmania (about 33% dogs and 44% cats result positive or suspected) in a random population, suggesting that they are infected with L. infantum. Moreover, 5 dogs and 1 cat previously classified as apparently healthy were seropositive with a titer ≥1:160. In conclusion, veterinary surveillance of dogs/cats could help to control the increase of L. infantum infections, especially in areas of high endemicity
