Acknowledgements The Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study is now part of the Transforming Cognitive Frailty into Later Life Self-Sufficiency (AGELESS) longitudinal cohort study, currently funded by the Ministry of Higher Education Long Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS/1/2019/UM/01/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin