Elastomer nanocomposites based on NR/EPDM/organoclay were prepared by two-roll mill to investi-gate the effect of different percentages of nanoclay (0, 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt%) and different matrix compositions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 & 0/100) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and best applicability of the mathematical models. Results of X-ray diffraction showed that enlargement of the silicate layers, pene-tration of polymer chains into layers and formation of an intercalated and exfoliated structure which was confirmed by TEM analysis. Mechanical properties as well as heat build up of the samples improved by addition of nanoclay. Addition the compounds with EPDM leads to an increase in compression strength, modulus and compressin set and decrease in tensile and tear strength. The prepared samples receive more aging resistance by addition of more clay and EPDM.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3561

Alipour, A.

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES Vol. 2 No 3, 03NCNN53(3pp) (2013)   2304-1862/2013/2(3)03NCNN53(3) 03NCNN53-1  2013 Sumy State University Characterization of Elastomer Nanocomposite Blends Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay  A. Alipour*   Young Researchers Club, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran  (Received 01 July 2013; revised manuscript received 07 July 2013; published online 03 September 2013)  Elastomer nanocomposites based on NR/EPDM/organoclay were prepared by two-roll mill to investi-gate the effect of different percentages of nanoclay (0, 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt%) and different matrix compositions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 & 0/100) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and best applicability of the mathematical models. Results of X-ray diffraction showed that enlargement of the silicate layers, pene-tration of polymer chains into layers and formation of an intercalated and exfoliated structure which was confirmed by TEM analysis. Mechanical properties as well as heat build up of the samples improved by addition of nanoclay. Addition the compounds with EPDM leads to an increase in compression strength, modulus and compressin set and decrease in tensile and tear strength. The prepared samples receive more aging resistance by addition of more clay and EPDM.   Keywords: Organomodified Nanoclay, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Aging Resistance    PACS numbers: 61.05.cm, 61.46.Hk                                                  * Abdolmajid.alipoor@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION  The blending of two rubbers is a useful method to improve certain properties, which are not inherent in a single rubber. The properties of any blend are functions of the adhesion between the components. While most of the blends are thermodynamically incompatible, many have been found to have technological importance [1]. Natural rubber (NR) can exhibit crystallization when stretched. Stress-induced crystallization can be used to increase modulus and resistance to deformation, pre-venting the propagation of defects. However, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber has saturated hydrocarbon backbones, which impart usually good weathering oxidation and chemical resistance [2, 3]. The blending of EPDM with NR and other diene rubbers has given rise to compounds with good ozone and chemical resistance and reduced compression set [4].  More recent-ly, polymers containing dispersion of nanometer size (1 – 100 nm) particles have been studied [4-9]. Among the different nanoparticles, clay has attracted significant attention because it provides two distinct opportunities of processing polymer nanocomposites through intercala-tion and exfoliation. In an intercalated nanocomposite, the polymer penetrates between the galleries of the clay layers, whereas in exfoliation, the clay layers are com-pletely delaminated and dispersed individually in the polymer matrix. A number of studies have proven that polymer nanocomposites exhibit increase in strength, modulus, flame retardancy and heat distortion tempera-ture that are not possessed by the individual phases or conventional composites containing micrometer size par-ticles or fibers.  The aim of this study is to evaluate the properties of NR/EPDM nanocompounds prepared with an organo-modified montmorillonite.  2. EXPERIMENTAL  2.1 Material  NR, EPDM, nanoclay and cure ingredients were supplied by Malaysia, Korea, Southern clay company (U.S.A) and Bayer Co, respectively. Samples were pre-pared by two-roll mill  at temperature of 25 C and the rotor speed of 70 rpm for 10 min. Curing agents (Zinc Oxide, Sulfur, Stearic Acid, MBTS and TBBS) were mixed with compound on two-roll mill (Polymix-200L) , too.  2.2 Samples Preparation   Nanocomposite samples, were prepared by a 2 Kg Polymix 200 L two-roll mill for 15 min at room temper-ature, according to the compositions summarized in Table 2  3. CHARACTERIZATION  X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples were rec-orded on a Philips model X’Pert (50 kV, 40 mA) by us-ing Cu-Kα radiation (   1.540598 Å) with a scanning rate 2°/min at room temperature. The basal spacing of silicates was estimated from the position of the plane peak in the WAXD intensity profile using the Bragg’s law, d  / (2sin max). The nanostructure of the clay was observed by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-2100F, JEOL) of cryogenically mi-crotomed (with a diamond knife at -100°C) fracture surface of the samples with a voltage accelerator of 200 kV. Tensile strength and compression strength of samples were carried out according to ASTM D 412 and ISO 7743 respectively, by a Hiwa machine (Iran). For Accelerated Thermal Aging Test, the rubber samples were subjected to accelerated thermal aging in an air circulated oven at 90 C for periods of 96hr according to ASTM D573-88. Compression Set results for a material are expressed as percentage. The specimens are com-pressed by 50% at 100 C for 24 hr. The heat build up of each sample was measured on a Goodrich flexometer at 35 Hz again under standard ISO conditions. The heat index was measured as the ratio between the Goodrich HBU and the hardness IRHD.   A. ALIPOUR PROC. NAP 2, 03NCNN53 (2013)   03NCNN53-2 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  Fig. 1-a shows the XRD patterns of NR75/EPDM25/clay nanocomposite samples. The inter-layer spacing of the original Cloisite 15A is (2θ  2.9; d001  31.5Å). Shift of the organoclay diffraction peak to lower 2θ values indicated that elastomer chains inter-calated between consequent silicate layers. This clearly indicates that inter lamellar spacing of the clay are enlarged after melt compounding. As expected intensity increases with an increase in nanoclay.    Fig. 1 – XRD Results of the NR75/EPDM25 with 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt% of Nanoclay  Table 1 – Samples Composition   Fig. 2 shows the TEM images of cryogenically frac-tured surfaces of 75NR/25EPDM/3Clay samples in which dark lines represent the Cloisite layers dispersed within the matrix. Light regions represent the phase with lower density (EPDM) and darker regions are rep-resentatives of the denser phase (NR). The TEM image of the nanocomposite sample show that the te obtained structure is the partially exfoliated as well as interca-lated, as confirmed by XRD results. Compression set evaluates the ability of the rubber to deform to its original thickness after prolonged com-pressive stresses at a fixed temperature and deflection. When a rubber material is compressed periodically, its ability to return to its original thickness will be losed. The results of the compression set for the NR/EPDM (75/25) samples containing 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt% nanoclay and different compositions of NR/EPDM containing 3Wt% nanoclay are shown in table 2.  Inserting the organoclay in the rubber matrix greatly reduces the deformation sustained by the elastomer (see table 2). Therefore addition of nanoclay in the current study with resultant reduced compression set indicates such effects reported by previous researchers. Furthermore table 2 shows the results of compression set of different compositions of NR/EPDM containing 3Wt% nanoclay. As seen the compression set decreases as the EPDM content increases in the blend.    Fig. 2 – TEM image of the NR75/EPDM25/Nanoclay3  Table 2 – Compression set of the Nanocomposite  In order to use a complete investigation into nano-composite samples we have used the classic test of the Goodrich flexometer and the temperature increase was then divided by the hardness of the sample to have a heat index (see table 3). It can be observed that the heat build up decreases by adding the nanoclay. Thus, the nanoclay offers also the beneficial effect of being able to reduce the hysteresis of a rubber compound. Table 4 lists the mechanical properties of NR/EPDM and their composites before and after heat aging in air. As seen in Table 3 4, tensile and tensile modulus as well as tear strength of samples are improved by clay loading. The improvements of mechanical strength in case of polymer-clay nanocomposites were given by some researchers [4, 7-9]. On the other hand, the mechanical properties of NR rich vulcanizates decreased dramatically after the ag-ing time. However, EPDM rich vulcanizates possessed thermally stable mechanical strength. The   Nanoclay EPDM NR Sample Code    N75E25C0    N75E25C1    N75E25C3    N75E25C5    N75E25C7    N100E0C3    N50E50C3    N25E75C3    N0E100C3 Sample Code  Compression Set  Sample Code  Compression Set  N75 E25 C0  N100 E0 C3  N75 E25 C1  N50 E50 C3  N75 E25 C3  N25 E75 C3  N75 E25 C5  N0 E100 C3  N75 E25 C7    CHARACTERIZATION OF ELASTOMER NANOCOMPOSITE … PROC. NAP 2, 03NCNN53 (2013)   03NCNN53-3 Table 3 – Heat Build up and Heat Index  of the Nanocompo-site Samples    NR rich blends were affected more by the aging time than the EPDM rich blends, as expected. Mechanical properties of NR rich vulcanizates highly decreased with thermal aging. However, EPDM rich vulcanizate showed more thermal stability because of the low diene content of EPDM. Furthermore, addition of nanoclay particles leads to thermal stability of samples. Clay platelets, hindering the thermally caused defects into the polymer bulk would increase the aging resistance of nanocomposites.  5. CONCLUSION  This work was devoted to the NR/EPDM nanocompo-sites prepared by two-roll mill. Based on the obtained results Experimental results of X-ray diffraction showed expansion of the distance between the silicate layers and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the silicate layers existed in the form of an intercalated and partially exfoliated layer structure. In comparison with pure NR/EPDM, mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites receive markedly increases by clay loading. The more EPDM content, the more tensile modulus, compression strength, compression set and thermal stability would become.  Table 4 – Mechanical Properties of samples    REFERENCES   1. A. Okada, A. Usuki, T. Kurauchi, O. Kamigaito, Hybrid organic–inorganic composites (In: Mark JE, Lee CYC,Bianconi PA, editors.) (ACS Symp Ser: 1995). 2. A.K. Ghosh, S.C. Debnath, N. Naskar and D.K. Basu., J Appl Polym Sci., 181, 800,(2000). 3. M.W. Hess, P.C. Vegvari, R.A. Swor, Rubber Chem Tech-nol., 58, 350, (1985). 4. D.V. Sarbach, Rubber Age 89 283, (1961). 5. M. Arroyo, M.A. Lo´pez-Manchado, J.L. Valentı´n, J. Carretero, Comp. Sci. Tech. 67, 1330, (2007). 6. S. Varghese, J. Karger-Kocsis, K. G. Gatos. Polymer 44, 3977, (2003). 7. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, G.R. Bakhshandeh, H. Vali and Sh. Shokoohi. Internationa Polymer Processing XXVI, 48, (2011). 8. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, G.R. Bakhshandeh, and Sh. Shokoohi. Iran Rubber Magazine 62, 26-34, (2011). 9. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, M.H.R. Ghreishy, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. DOI: 10.1002/app.37752, (2012). 10. A. Alipour, J. Biosci. Biochem. and Bioinf. 2, 79 (2102).  SAMPLE CODE Tensile Strength Tear  Strength Modulus 100% Dimen-sions MPa MPa MPa Before aging    S 0  1.403 18.1 0.90 S 1  5.3 19.64 1.07 S 2  8.247 21.1 1.09 S 3  10.12 22.8 1.14 S 4  10.795 24.75 1.26 S 5  18.5 28.59 1.09 S 6  4.4 19.3 1.10 S 7  3.89 18.8 1.17 S 8  1.59 16.2 1.20 After aging                                   S 0  0.98 12.67 0.63 S 1  3.975 14.74 0.80 S 2  6.43 18.568 0.85 S 3  8.19 18.24 0.91 S 4  9.17 21.03 1.07 S 5  12.395 18.68 0.7 S 6  3.82 16.598 0.95 S 7  3.42 16.92 1.05 S 8  1.43 14.74 1.1 Sample  Code  Heat Build up ( C) Heat Index (HBU/DURO) N75 E25 C0 79 1.26 N75 E25 C1 75  N75 E25 C3 69  N75 E25 C5 63  N75 E25 C7 56  

Characterization of Elastomer Nanocomposite Blends Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE  
NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES 
Vol. 2 No 3, 03NCNN53(3pp) (2013) 
 
 
2304-1862/2013/2(3)03NCNN53(3) 03NCNN53-1  2013 Sumy State University 
Characterization of Elastomer Nanocomposite Blends Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay 
 
A. Alipour*  
 
Young Researchers Club, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran 
 
(Received 01 July 2013; revised manuscript received 07 July 2013; published online 03 September 2013) 
 
Elastomer nanocomposites based on NR/EPDM/organoclay were prepared by two-roll mill to investi-
gate the effect of different percentages of nanoclay (0, 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt%) and different matrix compositions 
(100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 & 0/100) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and best applicability of 
the mathematical models. Results of X-ray diffraction showed that enlargement of the silicate layers, pene-
tration of polymer chains into layers and formation of an intercalated and exfoliated structure which was 
confirmed by TEM analysis. Mechanical properties as well as heat build up of the samples improved by 
addition of nanoclay. Addition the compounds with EPDM leads to an increase in compression strength, 
modulus and compressin set and decrease in tensile and tear strength. The prepared samples receive more 
aging resistance by addition of more clay and EPDM.  
 
Keywords: Organomodified Nanoclay, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Aging Resistance 
 
  PACS numbers: 61.05.cm, 61.46.Hk 
 
 
                                               
* Abdolmajid.alipoor@gmail.com 
1. INTRODUCTION 
 
The blending of two rubbers is a useful method to 
improve certain properties, which are not inherent in a 
single rubber. The properties of any blend are functions 
of the adhesion between the components. While most of 
the blends are thermodynamically incompatible, many 
have been found to have technological importance [1]. 
Natural rubber (NR) can exhibit crystallization when 
stretched. Stress-induced crystallization can be used to 
increase modulus and resistance to deformation, pre-
venting the propagation of defects. However, ethylene 
propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber has saturated 
hydrocarbon backbones, which impart usually good 
weathering oxidation and chemical resistance [2, 3]. The 
blending of EPDM with NR and other diene rubbers has 
given rise to compounds with good ozone and chemical 
resistance and reduced compression set [4].  More recent-
ly, polymers containing dispersion of nanometer size (1 –
 100 nm) particles have been studied [4-9]. Among the 
different nanoparticles, clay has attracted significant 
attention because it provides two distinct opportunities 
of processing polymer nanocomposites through intercala-
tion and exfoliation. In an intercalated nanocomposite, 
the polymer penetrates between the galleries of the clay 
layers, whereas in exfoliation, the clay layers are com-
pletely delaminated and dispersed individually in the 
polymer matrix. A number of studies have proven that 
polymer nanocomposites exhibit increase in strength, 
modulus, flame retardancy and heat distortion tempera-
ture that are not possessed by the individual phases or 
conventional composites containing micrometer size par-
ticles or fibers.  The aim of this study is to evaluate the 
properties of NR/EPDM nanocompounds prepared with 
an organo-modified montmorillonite. 
 
2. EXPERIMENTAL 
 
2.1 Material 
 
NR, EPDM, nanoclay and cure ingredients were 
supplied by Malaysia, Korea, Southern clay company 
(U.S.A) and Bayer Co, respectively. Samples were pre-
pared by two-roll mill  at temperature of 25 C and the 
rotor speed of 70 rpm for 10 min. Curing agents (Zinc 
Oxide, Sulfur, Stearic Acid, MBTS and TBBS) were 
mixed with compound on two-roll mill (Polymix-200L) , 
too. 
 
2.2 Samples Preparation  
 
Nanocomposite samples, were prepared by a 2 Kg 
Polymix 200 L two-roll mill for 15 min at room temper-
ature, according to the compositions summarized in 
Table 2 
 
3. CHARACTERIZATION 
 
X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples were rec-
orded on a Philips model X’Pert (50 kV, 40 mA) by us-
ing Cu-Kα radiation (   1.540598 Å) with a scanning 
rate 2°/min at room temperature. The basal spacing of 
silicates was estimated from the position of the plane 
peak in the WAXD intensity profile using the Bragg’s 
law, d  / (2sin max). The nanostructure of the clay 
was observed by a transmission electron microscopy 
(TEM) (JEM-2100F, JEOL) of cryogenically mi-
crotomed (with a diamond knife at -100°C) fracture 
surface of the samples with a voltage accelerator of 
200 kV. Tensile strength and compression strength of 
samples were carried out according to ASTM D 412 and 
ISO 7743 respectively, by a Hiwa machine (Iran). For 
Accelerated Thermal Aging Test, the rubber samples 
were subjected to accelerated thermal aging in an air 
circulated oven at 90 C for periods of 96hr according to 
ASTM D573-88. Compression Set results for a material 
are expressed as percentage. The specimens are com-
pressed by 50% at 100 C for 24 hr. The heat build up 
of each sample was measured on a Goodrich flexometer 
at 35 Hz again under standard ISO conditions. The 
heat index was measured as the ratio between the 
Goodrich HBU and the hardness IRHD. 
 
 A. ALIPOUR PROC. NAP 2, 03NCNN53 (2013) 
 
 
03NCNN53-2 
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
 
Fig. 1-a shows the XRD patterns of 
NR75/EPDM25/clay nanocomposite samples. The inter-
layer spacing of the original Cloisite 15A is (2θ  2.9; 
d001  31.5Å). Shift of the organoclay diffraction peak to 
lower 2θ values indicated that elastomer chains inter-
calated between consequent silicate layers. This clearly 
indicates that inter lamellar spacing of the clay are 
enlarged after melt compounding. As expected intensity 
increases with an increase in nanoclay.  
 
 
Fig. 1 – XRD Results of the NR75/EPDM25 with 1, 3, 5 & 7 
Wt% of Nanoclay 
 
Table 1 – Samples Composition 
 
 Fig. 2 shows the TEM images of cryogenically frac-
tured surfaces of 75NR/25EPDM/3Clay samples in 
which dark lines represent the Cloisite layers dispersed 
within the matrix. Light regions represent the phase 
with lower density (EPDM) and darker regions are rep-
resentatives of the denser phase (NR). The TEM image 
of the nanocomposite sample show that the te obtained 
structure is the partially exfoliated as well as interca-
lated, as confirmed by XRD results. 
Compression set evaluates the ability of the rubber 
to deform to its original thickness after prolonged com-
pressive stresses at a fixed temperature and deflection. 
When a rubber material is compressed periodically, its 
ability to return to its original thickness will be losed. 
The results of the compression set for the NR/EPDM 
(75/25) samples containing 1, 3, 5 & 7 Wt% nanoclay 
and different compositions of NR/EPDM containing 
3Wt% nanoclay are shown in table 2.  Inserting the 
organoclay in the rubber matrix greatly reduces the 
deformation sustained by the elastomer (see table 2). 
Therefore addition of nanoclay in the current study 
with resultant reduced compression set indicates such 
effects reported by previous researchers. Furthermore 
table 2 shows the results of compression set of different 
compositions of NR/EPDM containing 3Wt% nanoclay. 
As seen the compression set decreases as the EPDM 
content increases in the blend. 
 
 
 
Fig. 2 – TEM image of the NR75/EPDM25/Nanoclay3 
 
Table 2 – Compression set of the Nanocomposite 
 
In order to use a complete investigation into nano-
composite samples we have used the classic test of the 
Goodrich flexometer and the temperature increase was 
then divided by the hardness of the sample to have a 
heat index (see table 3). It can be observed that the 
heat build up decreases by adding the nanoclay. Thus, 
the nanoclay offers also the beneficial effect of being 
able to reduce the hysteresis of a rubber compound. 
Table 4 lists the mechanical properties of NR/EPDM 
and their composites before and after heat aging in air. 
As seen in Table 3 4, tensile and tensile modulus as 
well as tear strength of samples are improved by clay 
loading. The improvements of mechanical strength in 
case of polymer-clay nanocomposites were given by 
some researchers [4, 7-9]. 
On the other hand, the mechanical properties of NR 
rich vulcanizates decreased dramatically after the ag-
ing time. However, EPDM rich vulcanizates possessed 
thermally stable mechanical strength. The 
 
 
Nanoclay EPDM NR 
Sample 
Code 
   N75E25C0 
   N75E25C1 
   N75E25C3 
   N75E25C5 
   N75E25C7 
   N100E0C3 
   N50E50C3 
   N25E75C3 
   N0E100C3 
Sample 
Code 
 
Compression 
Set  
Sample 
Code 
 
Compression 
Set  
N75 E25 
C0 
 
N100 E0 
C3 
 
N75 E25 
C1 
 
N50 E50 
C3 
 
N75 E25 
C3 
 
N25 E75 
C3 
 
N75 E25 
C5 
 
N0 E100 
C3 
 
N75 E25 
C7 
  
 CHARACTERIZATION OF ELASTOMER NANOCOMPOSITE … PROC. NAP 2, 03NCNN53 (2013) 
 
 
03NCNN53-3 
Table 3 – Heat Build up and Heat Index  of the Nanocompo-
site Samples  
 
 
NR rich blends were affected more by the aging time 
than the EPDM rich blends, as expected. Mechanical 
properties of NR rich vulcanizates highly decreased 
with thermal aging. However, EPDM rich vulcanizate 
showed more thermal stability because of the low diene 
content of EPDM. Furthermore, addition of nanoclay 
particles leads to thermal stability of samples. Clay 
platelets, hindering the thermally caused defects into 
the polymer bulk would increase the aging resistance of 
nanocomposites. 
 
5. CONCLUSION 
 
This work was devoted to the NR/EPDM nanocompo-
sites prepared by two-roll mill. Based on the obtained 
results Experimental results of X-ray diffraction 
showed expansion of the distance between the silicate 
layers and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 
proved that the silicate layers existed in the form of an 
intercalated and partially exfoliated layer structure. 
In comparison with pure NR/EPDM, mechanical 
properties of the resulting nanocomposites receive 
markedly increases by clay loading. The more EPDM 
content, the more tensile modulus, compression 
strength, compression set and thermal stability would 
become. 
 
Table 4 – Mechanical Properties of samples 
 
 
 
REFERENCES  
 
1. A. Okada, A. Usuki, T. Kurauchi, O. Kamigaito, Hybrid 
organic–inorganic composites (In: Mark JE, Lee CYC,
Bianconi PA, editors.) (ACS Symp Ser: 1995). 
2. A.K. Ghosh, S.C. Debnath, N. Naskar and D.K. Basu., J 
Appl Polym Sci., 181, 800,(2000). 
3. M.W. Hess, P.C. Vegvari, R.A. Swor, Rubber Chem Tech-
nol., 58, 350, (1985). 
4. D.V. Sarbach, Rubber Age 89 283, (1961). 
5. M. Arroyo, M.A. Lo´pez-Manchado, J.L. Valentı´n, 
J. Carretero, Comp. Sci. Tech. 67, 1330, (2007). 
6. S. Varghese, J. Karger-Kocsis, K. G. Gatos. Polymer 44, 
3977, (2003). 
7. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, G.R. Bakhshandeh, H. Vali and 
Sh. Shokoohi. Internationa Polymer Processing XXVI, 48, 
(2011). 
8. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, G.R. Bakhshandeh, and 
Sh. Shokoohi. Iran Rubber Magazine 62, 26-34, (2011). 
9. A. Alipour, G. Naderi, M.H.R. Ghreishy, J. Appl. Polym. 
Sci. DOI: 10.1002/app.37752, (2012). 
10. A. Alipour, J. Biosci. Biochem. and Bioinf. 2, 79 (2102). 
 
SAMPLE 
CODE 
Tensile 
Strength 
Tear  
Strength 
Modulus 
100% 
Dimen-
sions 
MPa MPa MPa 
Before aging    
S 0  1.403 18.1 0.90 
S 1  5.3 19.64 1.07 
S 2  8.247 21.1 1.09 
S 3  10.12 22.8 1.14 
S 4  10.795 24.75 1.26 
S 5  18.5 28.59 1.09 
S 6  4.4 19.3 1.10 
S 7  3.89 18.8 1.17 
S 8  1.59 16.2 1.20 
After aging                                   
S 0  0.98 12.67 0.63 
S 1  3.975 14.74 0.80 
S 2  6.43 18.568 0.85 
S 3  8.19 18.24 0.91 
S 4  9.17 21.03 1.07 
S 5  12.395 18.68 0.7 
S 6  3.82 16.598 0.95 
S 7  3.42 16.92 1.05 
S 8  1.43 14.74 1.1 
Sample  Code 
 
Heat Build up 
( C) 
Heat Index 
(HBU/DURO) 
N75 E25 C0 79 1.26 
N75 E25 C1 75  
N75 E25 C3 69  
N75 E25 C5 63  
N75 E25 C7 56  


English

https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/35610/1/Alipour_Aging%20Resistance.pdf

Characterization of Elastomer Nanocomposite Blends Based on NR/EPDM/Organoclay

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Electronic Sumy State University Institutional Repository

SocioEconomic Challenges Journal (Sumy State University)