Revista de Medicina

Dadun, University of Navarra

109 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 45, Nº 4, 2001, 10-14 11RESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS64 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 45, Nº 4, 2001, 64-65 224Abstract of:Infection and Immunity, Nov 1999, p.6181-6186The permeability of the outer membrane (OM) to hydrophobicprobes and its susceptibility to bactericidal cationic peptideswere investigated for natural rough Brucella ovis and for mutantrough Brucella abortus strains. The OM of B. ovis displayed anabrupt and faster kinetic profile than rough B. abortus duringthe uptake of the hydrophobic probe N-phenyl-naphthylamine.B. ovis was more sensitive than rough B. abortus to the actionof cationic peptides. Bactenecins 5 and 7 induced morphologi-cal alterations on the OMs of both rough Brucella strains. B. ovislipopolysaccharide (LPS) captured considerably more polymyx-in B than LPSs from both rough and smooth B. abortus strains.Polymyxin B, poly-L-Iysine, and poly-L-ornithine produced athick coating on the surfaces of both strains, which was moreevident in B. ovis than in rough B. abortus. The distinct func-tional properties of the OMs of these two rough strains correlatewith some structural differences of their OMs and with their dif-ferent biological behaviors in animals and culture cells.The Outer Membrane of Brucella ovis Shows Increased Permeability to HydrophobicProbes and Is More Susceptible to Cationic Peptides than Are the Outer Membranes of Mutant Rough Brucella abortus StrainsEnrique Freer1, Javier Fizarro-Cerdá2, Andrej Weintraub3, José-Antonio Bengoechea4, Ignacio Moriyón4, Kjell Hultenby5, Jean-Pierre Gorvel2 and Edgardo Moreno6Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José1, and Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia6, Costa Rica: Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille-Luminy, France2;Department of Immunology. Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Bacteriology Karolinska Institute 3, and Clinical Research Center5, Huddinge University Hospitat, Huddinge, Sweden; and Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain4Abstract of:J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Nov 1; 34(5): 1498-506Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesisthat stent implantation in de novo coronary artery lesions wouldresult in lower restenosis rates and better long-term clinical out-comes than balloon angioplasty. Background: Placement of an intracoronary stent, as comparedwith balloon angioplasty, has proven to reduce the rate ofrestenosis. However, the long-term clinical benefit of stentingover angioplasty has not been assessed in large randomized tri-als. Methods: We randomly assigned 452 patients with either stable(129 patients) or unstable (323 patients) angina pectoris to elec-tive stent implantation (229 patients) or standard balloon angio-plasty (223 patients). Coronary angiography was performed atbaseline, immediately after the procedure and six months later.End points were the rate of restenosis at six months and a com-posite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vesselrevascularization over four years of follow-up. Results: Procedural success rate was achieved in 84% and 95%(balloon angioplasty vs. stent, respectively). The increase in theminimal luminal diameter was greater in the stent group bothafter the intervention (2.02 +/- 0.6 mm vs. 1.43 +/- 0.6 mm in theangioplasty group; p <0.0001), and at six-month follow-up (1.98+/- 0.7 mm vs. 1.63 +/- 0.7 mm; p < 0.001). The correspondingrestenosis rates were 22% and 37%, respectively (p <0.002).After four years, no differences in mortality (2.7% vs. 2.4%) andnonfatal MI (2.2% vs. 2.8%) were found between the stent andthe angioplasty groups, respectively. However, the requirementfor further revascularization procedures of the target lesions wassignificantly reduced in the stent group (12% vs. 25% in theangioplasty group; relative risk 0.49, 95% confidence interval0.32 to 0.75, p = 0.0006); most of the repeat procedures (84%)were carried out within six months of entry into the study.Conclusions: Patients who received an intracoronary stentshowed a lower rate of restenosis than those treated with con-ventional balloon angioplasty. The benefit of stenting was main-tained four years after implantation, as manifested by a signifi-cant reduction in the need for repeat revascularization. Randomized comparison of coronary stent implantation and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions (START): a four-year follow-upBetriu A, Masotti M, Serra A, Alonso J, Fernández Aviles F, Gimeno F, Colman T, Zueco J, Delcan JL, García E, Calabuig J109 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 45, Nº 4, 2001, 10-14 11RESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS225 64 65 65Do the low molecular weight heparins improve efficacy and safety of the treatment of deep venous thrombosis? A meta-analysisEduardo Rocha*o, Miguel Angel Martínez-González#, Ramón Monteso, Carlos Panizo**Hematology Service, University CIinic of Navarra, Pamplona; oHemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona;#Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, SpainAbstract of:Haematologica 2000;85:935-942Background and Objectives: We compared the efficacy and safe-ty of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and unfractionatedheparin (UFH) in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).A comparison between two daily subcutaneous injections ofLMWH against a single injection was also performed.Design and Methods: The study was performed by a meta-analysis. Clot improvement in venography, recurrency, totalmortality and major hemorrhages were assessed in 4,472patients with DVT from 21 studies treated with subcutaneousLMWH or UFH.Results: An improvement in clot reduction (odds ratio 0.73, 95%confidence interval 0.59 to 0.90, p = 0.004), a decrease in totalmortality (0.68, 0.50 to 0.91, p = 0.012) and a lower incidenceof hemorrhage (0.65, 0.43 to 0.98, p = 0.047) were observed inLMWH treated patients. There were no differences in recur-rences (0.78, 0.59 to 1.04, p = 0.10). A single dose of LMWHwas better than two in reducing major bleeding (x2 = 4.99, p =0.025); however, the two dose regimen was more effective inclot reduction (x2 = 8.56, p = 0.004).Interpretation and Conclusions: LMWH is superior to UFH interms of safety and efficacy. A single daily dose of LMWH doseis a suitable therapeutic regimen and could facilitate the outpa-tient treatment of venous thromboembolism.Abstract of:Allergol et Immunopathol 2000;28:207-12Background: The ISAAC (International Study of Asthma andAllergies in Childhood) was thought in order to maximize thevalue of epidemiological research into asthma and allergic dis-eases in childhood, establishing a standardized methodologyand facilitating collaboration and comparison between severalcountries.Methods and Results: The written questionnaires in the group ofchildren aged 6-7 years was answered by the parents and thegroup of children aged 13-14 years self-completed the writtenquestionnaires.Results: 3.040 children aged 1 3-1 4 years answered the ques-tionnaire and 3.002 in the group aged 6-7 years. In the groupof children aged 13-14, 49.7% referred rhinitis symptomssome time, and 15.6% in the 6-7 year old group. The preva-lence of nasal symptoms in the last year was 35.5% in the 13-l4year group and 1 0.6% in the 6-7 year group. The presenceof nasal symptoms was more frequent in winter. The preva-lence of seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) was 6.1 % in the13-14 year group and 4.8% in the group of children aged 6-7years.Conclusions: These results can contribute to a better control ofsome factors and to future studies where the etiology and inci-dence of the disease could be investigated.International study of asthma and allergies in childhood. Results on rhinitis of first phase in Pamplona, SpainN. Carvalho*, M. Fernández-Benítez, L. Cascante**, l. Aguinaga*** and F. Guillén****Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. *Department of Paediatrics. University Clinic of Navarra. Faculty of Medicine. University of Navarra. Pamplona, Spain. **Servicio Navarro de Salud. Pamplona, Spain. ***University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. ****Public University of Navarra. Pamplona, Spain

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Universidad de Navarra

47 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 46, Nº 1, 2002, 53-56 53RESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS      Abstract of:lnt J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999 Nov;23(11):1192-201Background: Diverging trends of decreasing energy intake andincreasing prevalence of obesity suggest that physical inac-tivity and sedentary lifestyle may be one of the key determi-nants of the growing rates of overweight/obesity in Westernpopulations information about the impact of physical inactivi-ty and sedentary lifestyles on the prevalence of obesityamong the general adult population in the European Union issparse.Objectives: To estimate the association of leisure-time seden-tary and non-sedentary activities with body mass index (BMI,kg/m2) and with the prevalence of obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) in asample of the 1 5 member states of the European Union.Methods: Professional interviewers administered standardizedin-home questionnaires to 15.239 men and women aged 15years upwards, selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster sam-pling with quotas applied to ensure national and European rep-resentativeness. Energy expenditure during leisure time wascalculated based on data on frequency of and amount of timeparticipating in various physical activities, assigning metabolicequivalents (METS) to each activity. Sedentary lifestyle wasassessed by means of self-reported hours spent sitting downduring leisure time. Multiple linearregression models with BMI as the dependent variable, andlogistic regression models with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) as theoutcome, were fitted. Results: Independent associations of leisure-time physical activ-ity (inverse) and amount of time spent sitting down (direct) withBMI were found.The adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) for obesity was 0.52[95% confidence interval (01): 0.43-0.64, P<0.001] for theupper quintile of physical activity (>30 METS) compared withthe most physically inactive quintile (<1 .75 METS). A positiveindependent association was also evident for the time spent sit-ting down, with an adjusted OR= 1.61 (95% 01: 1.33-1.95,P<0.001) for those who spent more than 35 h of their leisure timesitting down compared with those who spent less than 15 h.Conclusions: Obesity and higher body weight are stronglyassociated with a sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activi-ty in the adult population of the European Union. These results,however, need to be interpreted with caution due to the cross-sectional design. Nonetheless, they are consistent with the viewthat a reduction in energy expenditure during leisure time maybe the main determinant of the current epidemic of obesity.Pysical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European UnionM.A. Martínez-González, J.A. Martínez, F.B. Hu, M.J. Gibney, J. KearneyAbstract of:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics- Part B 2001;10:334-8We study the morphological effect of low, mechanical stresses(compression, tension and neutralization) on the growth carti-lage with an external fixator in 18 young lambs. In the radiogra-phy we only found more length in the femora subjected to ten-sion (p<0.05).Bony bridges were not present, nor were there signs ofaltered vascularization or Ranvier's perichondral ring.Histomorphometrically, in the group subjected to tension, thegerminative layer in the femur was higher (p<0.001) in thebones which had undergone surgery. The proliferative layerwere lower in the operated tibia (p<0.001) and the hyper-trophic layer were higher in operated tibias and femora(p<0.001).In the group subjected to compression, the germinative layer inthe femora were higher in the operated bones (p<0.05); theproliferative layer of the tibia was lower (p<0.001) and thehypertrophic layer were higher (p<0.001) in both operatedbones.In the neutralization group, the proliferative layer of both oper-ated bones presented lower values (p<0.001) and the hyper-trophic layer was heigher (p<0.001) than the control groups.Histomorphometric study of growth plate subjected to different mechanical conditions (compression, tension and neutralization). An experimental study in lambsArriola F, Forriol F, Cafladell J.Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Navarra54 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 46, Nº 1, 2002, 53-56 48RESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS      Abstract of:Medical Hypotheses (2000) 54(3), 397-399Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidadde Navarra, Pamplona. Navarra, SpainSummaryThe nigrostriatal pathway appears to be very important in thereward-based learning. The dopaminergic neurons in the sub-stantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) fire in relation to primaryrewards and reward-conditioned stimuli, but not to rewards thatare expected. It has been hypothesized that the anatomicalframework for the selective response of these neurons is orga-nized in the projections from some paralimbic areas in thefrontal lobe to the striosomes of the caudate nucleus, which arealso directly connected with the dopaminergic neurons of theSNC. Here, we present two additional pathways that may berelated with this neurophysiological finding. We hypothesizethat the connections of the paralimbic cortices with the ventralsystem of the basal ganglia and then with the thalamus and thehypothalamus, and the circuit ventral striatum-substantia nigrapars reticulata-thalamus-striatum could be also involved in thereward-based learning.Considerations upon the anatomical model of reward-based learning in the basal gangliaA. RoseII, J. M. Giménez AmayaAbstract of:Histol Histopathol (2000) 15: 1285-1292The thalamostriatal projections are largely neglected in currentreviews dealing with basal ganglia function. In the past fewyears, however, several studies have re-evaluated these projec-tions and have postulated their implication in more complextasks within the basal ganglia organization. In this review, we tryto focus on the morphological and functional importance of thissystem in the basal ganglia of the rat, cat and monkey. Specialattention is paid to the thalamus as an important place for inter-action between the input and the output systems of the basalganglia through the thalamostriatal projections. Thus, we stresson the overlapping thalamic territories between the thalamicprojection of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and the thal-amostriatal neurons. Our experimental data support the exis-tence of several thalamic feedback circuits within the basal gan-glia functional design. Finally, some considerations are provid-ed upon the functional significance of these thalamic fedbackcircuits in the overall organization of the basal ganglia in healthand disease.Key words: Thalamostriatal projections. Basal ganglia.Thalamus. Rat. Cat. Monkey. Parkinson's disease.Considerations on the thalamostriatal system with some functional implicationsJ.M. Giménez-Amaya*, S. de las Heras**, E. Erro*, E. Mengual*, J.L. Lanciego**Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain**Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, SpainAbstract of:SYNAPSE 40:35-46 (2001)The distribution of corticostriatal neurons projecting to the cau-date nucleus was examined in the cat by retrograde fluorescenttracers. Thus, Fast Blue and Diamidino Yellow were concomi-tantly injected in different rostrocaudal, dorsoventral, or medio-lateral sectors of the caudate nucleus. The main findings of thisstudy are: 1. few double-labeled cells were found after twoinjections in different sectors of the caudate nucleus; 2. double-labeled neurons were more abundant after adjacent injectionsand they were mainly located in 6aß, dorsolateral prefrontal,dorsomedial prefrontal, prelimbic, anterior limbic, sylvian anteri-or, and rostral part of cingulate cortical areas; and 3. there werevariations in the spatial organization of the corticostriatal neu-rons in different cortical areas projecting to various parts of thecaudate nucleus.Key words: Striatum. Caudate nucleus. Cerebral cortex. Basalganglia. Fluorescent tracers. Corticostriatal projections. Cat.Double Retrograde Tracer Study of the Corticostriatal Projections to the Cat Caudate NucleusAntonio Rossell, José Manuel Giménez-Amaya*Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain49 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 46, Nº 1, 2002, 53-56 55RESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS      Abstract of:Neuroscience Vol. 102, Nº4, pp.863-884, 2001Several cortico-cortical and limbic-related circuits are enrichedin zinc, which is considered as an important modulator of glu-tamatergic transmission. While heavy metals have been detect-ed in the thalamus, the specific presence of zinc has not beenexamined in this region. We have used two highly sensitive vari-ations of the Timm method to study the zinc-rich innervation inthe rat thalamus, which was compared to the distribution ofacetylcholinesterase activity. The origin of some of these zinc-rich projections was also investigated by means of retrogradetransport after intracerebral infusions of sodium selenium(Na2SeO3). The overall zinc staining in the thalamus was muchlower than in the neocortex, striatum or basal forebrain; howev-er, densely stained terminal fields were observed in the dorsaltip of the reticular thalamic nucleus, the anterodorsal and later-al dorsal thalamic nuclei and the zona incerta. In addition, mod-erately stained zinc-rich terminal fields were found in the rostralintralaminar nuclei, nucleus reuniens and lateral habenula.lntracerebral infusions of Na2SeO3 in the lateral dorsal nucleusresulted in retrogradely labeled neurons that were located in thepostsubiculum, and also in the pre- and parasubiculum. Theseresults are the first to establish the existence of a zinc-rich subic-ular-thalamic projection. Similar infusions in either the intralam-inar nuclei or the zona incerta resulted in labeling of neurons inseveral brainstem structures related to the reticular formation.Our results provide morphological evidence for zinc modulationof glutamatergic inputs to highly selective thalamic nuclei, aris-ing differentially from either cortical limbic areas or from brain-stem ascending activation systems.Key words: Acetylcholinesterase. Chemoarchitecture.Glutamate. Thalamus. Limbic system. Reticular formation.Thalamic distribution of zinc-rich terminal fields and Neurons of origin in the ratF. Mengual, a*, C. Casanovas-Aguilar, b, J. Pérez-Clausell, b, J.M. Giménez-Amayaa Departamento de Anatomía. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Navarra, ES-31008 Pamplona, Navarra. SpainbDepartament de Biología Cellular AiV, Facultat de Biología. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona. SpainAbstract of:J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2001;83-B:90-2We describe three cases of postoperative haemorrhage, twoafter total hip and one after total knee replacement, treatedby percutaneous embolisation. After diagnostic angiogra-phy, this is the preferred method for the treatment of post-operative haemorrhage due to the formation of a falseaneurysm, after hip or knee arthroplasty. This procedure,carried out under local anaesthesia, has a low rate of com-plications and avoids the uncertainty of further surgicalexploration.Therapeutic embolisation for postoperative haemorrhage after total arthroplasty of the hip and kneeA. Barriga, J.R. Valentí Nin, C. Delgado, J.J. BilbaoFrom the Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, SpainAbstract of:Histochem Cell Biol (2001) 115:447-454We have analyzed whether caudal regions of the caudate puta-men receive direct projections from thalamic sensory relaynuclei such as the ventrobasal complex. To this aim, the deliveryof the retrograde neuroanatomical tracer Fluoro-Gold into thecaudal caudate putamen resulted in the appearance of retro-gradely labeled neurons in the ventral posteromedial and ventralposterolateral thalamic nuclei. These projections were furtherconfirmed with injections of the anterograde tracers biotinylateddextran amine or Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin into thesethalamic nuclei, by showing the existence of axonal terminalfields located in the caudal striatum. These results support theexistence of direct projections linking the thalamic ventrobasalcomplex and the caudal striatum in the rat, probably via collat-eralization of thalamocortical axons when passing through thecaudate putamen, and therefore supporting the putative involve-ment of the caudal striatum in sensory-related functions.Key words: Basal ganglia. Striatum. Caudate putamen.Thalamostriatal projections. Neuroanatomical tracers.Striatal input from the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamusMaría Elena Erro, José Luis Lanciego, José Arribas, José Manuel Giménez-AmayaRESÚMENES DE TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN OTRAS REVISTAS56 REV MED UNIV NAVARRA/VOL. 46, Nº 1, 2002, 53-56 50      Abstract of:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedic Part BWe propose a femoral desrotational osteotomy to antevert thefemoral head associated with plication of the anterior and supe-rior capsule for treatment in the early stages of hip dislocationin Down syndrome. Eight patients (10 hips) with Down syn-drome and hip dislocation were reviewed. Five children (sevenhips) were operated. We used the proposed surgical techniquein three patients (four hips). The average follow-up was 11 years(range, 5-16 years). No infections or complications wereobserved. In our short experience, this is the recommendedprocedure in the early stages of hip dislocation in Down syn-drome.Key Words: Down syndrome. Trisomy 21. Hip dislocation.Surgical treatment.Femoral Anteversion Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hip Dislocation in DownSyndrome: Long-Term EvolutionJosé Luis Beguiristain, Andrés Barriga, Randolph Anthony GentSurgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Navarra University Clinic, Pamplona, SpainAbstract of:Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2001, Volume 31, pages 1007-1013Background: In this study, we determined by flow cytometry thepercentage of basophils activated after in vitro stimulation byallergens and expressing the CD63 marker. The diagnostic reli-ability of the technique was assessed as well as its correlationwith other in vitro diagnostic parameters.Methods: Fifty-three patients suffering from asthma and/or aller-gic rhinitis following sensitization to Dermatophagoidespteronyssinus and 51 patients sensitized to Lolium perennewere investigated. Twenty-four atopic patients not sensitive tothese allergens and 38 healthy subjects were also selected ascontrols. The basophil activation test determines the percent-age of basophils which express CD63 as an activation marker,by means of flow cytometry, after in vitro stimulation with aller-gen, using double labelling with monoclonal antibody anti-CD63-PE and anti-IgE-FITC.Results: No differences in basal values (non-activated control)were found between sensitized patients, atopic controls andhealthy controls. On the other hand, sensitized patients showed asignificantly higher percentage of activated basophils after stimu-lation by allergens in vitro than both control groups (P < 0.001).We found a significant correlation between skin tests and basophilactivation tests (r= 0.72, P <0.001). We also found a positive andsignificant correlation between basophil activation tests and hista-mine release tests (r= 0.80. P <0.001), allergen-specific sulphi-doleukotriene production (r = 0.7, P < 0.001) and the occurrenceof serum allergen-specific IgE (r= 0.71. P < 0.001).Conclusion: The basophil activation test is a highly reliable tech-nique in the diagnosis of allergy to inhalant allergens. The sen-sitivity of the basophil activation test was 93.3%, and its speci-ficity 98.4%. when using a cut-off point of 15% activatedbasophils as positive result.Key words: Basophil activation test. CD63. Inhalant allergens. Invitro allergologic diagnosis.Allergen-induced basophil activation: CD63 cell expression detected by flow cytometry in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lolium perenneM. L. Sanz, G. Sánchez. P. M. Gamboa*, L. Vila, C. Uasuf, M. Chazot, I. Diéguez, A.L. de WeckDepartment of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, School of Medicine, Universirv of Navarra, Pamplona, *Allergy Service, Basurto Hospital, Bilbao, Spain

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