López-Hernández, D. (Dolores)

Montoro-Gurich, C. (Carolina)

Dadun, University of Navarra

The impact of family models on spatial mobility and integration of immigrants in Spain (2007) N β Sig. oddsratio low highDemographic VariablesAge at Arrival in Spain Less than 31 years 4,838 0.248 0.000 1.281 1.175 1.397More than 30 years (Ref) 3,674Sex Men 3,880 0.429 0.000 1.536 1.408 1.675Women (Ref) 4,632Marital Status Single 2,833 0.236 0.000 1.266 1.152 1.392Other 896 -0.017 0.815 0.983 0.852 1.134Married (Ref) 4,783Living with Minor Children Living with 3,934 0.225 0.001 1.253 1.098 1.429No minor child or no child 3,427 0.117 0.086 1.125 0.984 1.286Not living with (Ref) 1,151Household Composition At least one not a relative 1,697 -0.180 0.001 0.835 0.750 0.931Living alone 638 -0.001 0.995 0.999 0.848 1.179All relatives (Ref) 6,177Place of Birth Latin American countries 4,146 0.838 0.000 2.312 2.117 2.524Rest of the World (Ref) 4,366Territory and Mobility VariablesYear of Arrival 1990-2001 4,839 0.761 0.000 2.140 1.960 2.3362002-2007 (Ref) 3,673Municipality Size More than 50,000 inhab. 2,876 0.186 0.000 1.204 1.089 1.331Less than 50,000 inhab. (Ref) 3,566Place of Residence Madrid 1,141 0.451 0.000 1.571 1.378 1.790The rest of Spain (Ref) 7,344Change in municipality Yes 3,432 0.267 0.000 1.307 1.197 1.427No (Ref) 5,080Plans to Remain in Spain Yes 6,726 0.197 0.000 1.218 1.097 1.352No (Ref) 1,786Human Capital VariablesEducation Primary or Secundary School 5,855 0.782 0.000 2.185 1.859 2.569College 1,959 1.074 0.000 2.926 2.447 3.499No formal (Ref) 698Spanish Citizenship Yes 1,141 0.737 0.000 2.089 1.823 2.394No (Ref) 7,371Partner Citizenship Spanish 2,107 0.278 0.000 1.320 1.185 1.471Other (Ref) 3,725Economic and Living Conditions VariablesWorking Hours 20 or more 5,965 0.357 0.007 1.428 1.104 1.848Less than 20 (Ref) 295Income More than 1,000 € 2,830 0.581 0.000 1.787 1.578 2.024Without monetary income 214 -0.192 0.208 0.825 0.612 1.113Less than 1,000 € (Ref) 3,216Type of contract Indefinite 2,550 0.657 0.000 1.930 1.686 2.209Temporal (Ref) 2,772Investments in Spain Yes 3,032 0.503 0.000 1.654 1.510 1.813No (Ref) 5,480Household Tenure Ownership 2,390 0.336 0.000 1.400 1.271 1.542Rental or others (Ref) 6,122Household Quality Good 3,124 0.203 0.000 1.225 1.121 1.340Mediocre or poor (Ref) 5,388Household Overcrowded No 7,015 0.173 0.002 1.189 1.063 1.330Yes (Ref) 1,495Use of Networks VariablesPartner´s Place of Birth No partner 3,043 -0.342 0.000 0.711 0.705 0.716Latin American countries 1,786 0.362 0.000 1.437 1.424 1.449Rest of the World 2,412 -0.965 0.000 0.381 0.378 0.384Spain (Ref) 1,798Family Network in Spain Yes 3,452 0.304 0.000 1.356 1.242 1.48No (Ref) 5,060Existence of friends or acquaintances Yes 6,843 0.164 0.003 1.179 1.059 1.312No (Ref) 1,669Sending Money to Country of Origen Yes 4,540 0.304 0.000 1.355 1.244 1.477No (Ref) 3,972Frequency of Sending Money Regularly 3,604 0.166 0.025 1.181 1.021 1.366Occasionally (Ref) 936Yes 1,545 0.112 0.050 1.119 1.000 1.251No (Ref) 6,864Yes 1,133 0.271 0.000 1.311 1.153 1.491No (Ref) 7,296Participation in Social Organizations Adressed to Foreigners and not ForeignersParticipation in Social Organizations not Specifically Addressed to Foreigners (NSAF)IC (95%)INTEGRATION FOR FOREIGN BORN IMMIGRANTS - SPAIN, 2007  BINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSIONS This poster is part of a project entitled “The Role of the Family on Spatial Mobility and Integration of Immigrants in Spain” which is being developed at the Institute of Family Sciences of the University of Navarra, and supported by FUNA. This research  is part of a study carried out by the GEPS (Complutense University of Madrid) about immigration in Spain using the database of the National Survey of Immigrants (ENI).  Carolina A. Montoro  (cmontoro@unav.es) Dolores López (dlopez@unav.es) INTRODUCTION Spain has experienced a recent but very significant migratory in-flows, becoming a host country for people coming from an ever-increasing number of countries. It is possible to study the important consequences of this phenomenon thanks to a new micro database, the National Survey of Immigrants (“Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes”, ENI, sample size 15,500 people) carried out by National Statistic Institute (Spain) in 2007. The aim of this poster is to analyse the predictable factors of the foreign immigrant’s integration in the Spanish society. METHODOLOGY Target population: Foreign born immigrants aged 25 to 65 years having arrived to Spain between 1990 and 2007.  Approach: Quantitative using logistic regression techniques (SPPS 15.0). Dependent Variable: Integration. This variable has been built combining three characteristics: to have legal papers, fluency in Spanish, and to have a job. We consider integrated population those having these three positive aspects.  HYPOTHESIS 1. Integration process needs time. So, the number of years lived in the host country would have strong relationship with the possibility of developing integration strategies.  2. To have high education level seems to be a good background to start a new life in a new country.  3. People coming from Latin American countries would have higher probability of being integrated than those coming from other parts of the world. Cultural aspects –historial ties, language, etc.–, are behind this hypothesis.  4. To have a network in the host country would help immigrant to reach a sucessful process of integration. The closer is this network to the person (family, friends, acquaintances), the easier is the arrival and the first period of staying in the host country.  5. An immigrant with little vital trajectory (single and young) would have more probabilities of developing it in Spain. But, in the case of a person with family (partner and/or children), the integration process would be better if the whole family lived together in the host country.   6. To be married to a Spaniard would help in the integration process.  7. An integrated person would present some of the following features:  to make investments in Spain, to own his/her house, to have good household quality, to participate in associations together with native people.   8. Those immigrants who live in more developed Spanish areas would have more opportunities than those living in other parts of Spain.  DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION 1. The multinomial logistic regression model of integration allows to confirm all the hypothesis excepting (a) the role of being married to a Spaniard; this factor only explain the integration of immigrants not born in Latin American countries, and (b) the geographical contrasts in the integration within Spain. This analysis shows that immigrants living in Madrid have more probabilities of being integrated than those living in the rest of Spain. It would be necessary a deeper analysis to contrast this hypothesis.  2. In the three models, the more explanatory factors of integration are: being qualified, being man, and to have arrived before 2001.  3. Being single, being married with a Spaniard, having Spanish nationality, and the place where the minor children live, have no effects in immigrants born in the Latin American countries’ model. In the other models, these four factors are quite important. On the other hand, to have plans to remain in Spain is important in the Latin American model, but not in the immigrants not born in Latin American countries.  4. This paper shows: (a) the necessity to follow the studies related to integration in Spain, and (b) the importance of taking into account in the design of integration policies the heterogeneity of immigrants living in Spain, due specially to the different places of origin.  RESULTS FOREIGN BORN IMMIGRANTS  MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL OF INTEGRATION β Sig. oddsratioDemographic VariablesAge at Arrival in Spain (Ref: More than 30 years) 0.210 0.001 1.233 1.094 1.389Sex (Ref: Woman) 0.832 0.000 2.298 2.041 2.588Marital Status (Ref: Married) 0.001Single 0.275 0.000 1.317 1.133 1.531Other 0.124 0.407 1.132 0.844 1.518Living with minor Children (Ref: Not living with) 0.015No minor child or no child 0.277 0.006 1.320 1.083 1.608Living with 0.259 0.007 1.296 1.075 1.562Place of Birth (Ref: Rest of the World) 0.878 0.000 2.406 2.129 2.720Territory and Mobility VariablesYear of Arrival (Ref: 2002-2007) 0.627 0.000 1.872 1.652 2.121Place of Residence (Ref: Rest of Spain) -0.322 0.000 0.725 0.610 0.861Plans to Remain in Spain (Ref: No) 0.157 0.036 1.170 1.011 1.354Human Capital VariablesEducation (Ref: No formal education) 0.000Primary or Secundary School 0.774 0.000 2.169 1.747 2.694College 1.244 0.000 3.471 2.711 4.443Spanish Citizenship (Ref: No) 0.129 0.190 1.138 0.938 1.381Partner Citizenship (Ref: Other) -0.057 0.408 0.944 0.825 1.081Economic and Living Conditions VariablesInvestments in Spain (Ref: No) 0.323 0.000 1.382 1.219 1.567Household Quality (Ref: Mediocre or Bad) 0.234 0.000 1.263 1.121 1.424Use of Networks VariablesFamily Network in Spain (Ref: No) 0.078 0.197 1.082 0.960 1.218Sending Money (Ref: No) 0.358 0.000 1.431 1.266 1.617Participation in Social Organizations NSAF (Ref: No) 0.119 0.171 1.126 0.950 1.336No. of Obs.= 8,512IC (95%)lowSensitivity 75.2%. Specificity, 66.1%.  IMMIGRANTS BORN IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES  MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL OF INTEGRATION   β Sig. oddsratio low highDemographic VariablesAge at Arrival in Spain (Ref: More than 30 years) -0.066 0.467 0.936 0.783 1.118Sex (Ref: Woman) 0.942 0.000 2.566 2.131 3.090Marital Status (Ref: Married) 0.988Single 0.009 0.934 1.009 0.817 1.245Other -0.027 0.902 0.974 0.636 1.490Living with minor Children (Ref: Not living with) 0.117No minor child or no child 0.213 0.147 1.238 0.928 1.651Living with 0.008 0.955 1.008 0.773 1.314Territory and Mobility VariablesYear of Arrival (Ref: 2002-2007) 0.722 0.000 2.058 1.701 2.489Place of Residence (Ref: Rest of Spain) -0.255 0.042 0.775 0.606 0.991Plans to Remain in Spain (Ref: No) 0.303 0.005 1.354 1.096 1.672Human Capital VariablesEducation (Ref: No formal education) 0.000Primary or Secundary School 0.494 0.013 1.639 1.112 2.417College 0.793 0.000 2.211 1.451 3.369Spanish Citizenship (Ref: No) 0.104 0.393 1.110 0.874 1.409Partner Citizenship (Ref: Other) -0.482 0.000 0.618 0.509 0.749Economic and Living Conditions VariablesInvestments in Spain (Ref: No) 0.418 0.000 1.519 1.250 1.846Household Quality (Ref: Mediocre or Bad) 0.026 0.778 1.026 0.858 1.226Use of Networks VariablesFamily Network in Spain (Ref: No) 0.093 0.296 1.097 0.922 1.306Sending Money (Ref: No) 0.492 0.000 1.635 1.362 1.963Participation in Social Organizations NSAF (Ref: No) -0.040 0.747 0.961 0.754 1.225No. of Obs.= 8,512IC (95%)Sensitivity 89.7%. Specificity, 69.1%.   β Sig. oddsratio low highDemographic VariablesAge at Arrival in Spain (Ref: More than 30 years) 0.456 0.000 1.577 1.335 1.863Sex (Ref: Woman) 0.822 0.000 2.274 1.933 2.676Marital Status (Ref: Married) 0.001Single 0.418 0.000 1.518 1.217 1.895Other 0.188 0.376 1.206 0.796 1.828Living with minor Children (Ref: Not living with) 0.000No minor child or no child 0.466 0.002 1.594 1.186 2.142Living with 0.567 0.000 1.762 1.326 2.343Territory and Mobility VariablesYear of Arrival (Ref: 2002-2007) 0.590 0.000 1.804 1.517 2.146Place of Residence (Ref: Rest of Spain) -0.345 0.006 0.708 0.553 0.907Plans to Remain in Spain (Ref: No) 0.103 0.335 1.108 0.899 1.366Human Capital VariablesEducation (Ref: No formal education) 0.000Primary or Secundary School 0.811 0.000 2.251 1.713 2.958College 1.428 0.000 4.170 3.031 5.736Spanish Citizenship (Ref: No) 0.372 0.037 1.450 1.022 2.058Partner Citizenship (Ref: Other) 0.290 0.004 1.337 1.099 1.626Economic and Living Conditions VariablesInvestments in Spain (Ref: No) 0.253 0.003 1.288 1.087 1.526Household Quality (Ref: Mediocre or Bad) 0.435 0.000 1.545 1.311 1.821Use of Networks VariablesFamily Network in Spain (Ref: No) 0.040 0.643 1.041 0.879 1.232Sending Money (Ref: No) 0.344 0.000 1.411 1.190 1.672Participation in Social Organizations NSAF (Ref: No) 0.221 0.073 1.248 0.980 1.590No. of Obs.= 8,512IC (95%)IMMIGRANTS NOT BORN IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES  MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL OF INTEGRATION  Sensitivity 60.6%. Specificity, 66.3%.  

The impact of family models on spatial mobility and integration of immigrants in Spain (2007)

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